. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 18.

Published in final edited form as: Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2011 Apr;13(2):138–146. doi: 10.1007/s11883-011-0161-8

Table 2.

Summary of randomized trials of treatment for obstructive sleep apnea on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failure^a

	Treatment	Patients enrolled, n	Patients completing trial, n	Treatment period	Treatment outcomes
Kaneko et al. [46]	Therapeutic CPAP vs no CPAP	24	24	1 month	9% increase in LVEF; 10-mm Hg decrease in systolic blood pressure; decrease in heart rate of four beats per minute
Mansfield et al. [47]	Therapeutic CPAP vs no CPAP	55	40	3 months	5% increase in LVEF; no change in blood pressure; decrease in nocturnal urinary concentration of norepinephrine; improved QOL
Usui et al.^b	Therapeutic CPAP vs no CPAP	17	17	1 month	17% decrease in muscle SNA; 15-mm Hg decrease in awake systolic blood pressure
Gilman et al.^b	Therapeutic CPAP vs no CPAP	19	19	1 month	Increase in high-frequency HRV
Ryan et al.^b	Therapeutic CPAP vs no CPAP	18	18	1 month	58% decrease in frequency of VPB during sleep
Egea et al.^b	Therapeutic vs sham CPAP	61	45	2 months	2%–7% increase in LVEF; no change in blood pressure, QOL, or 6-MWT

Only trials in which most patients had elevated blood pressure at enrollment are included

Overlap exists with some patients in these trials because these reports represent components of a larger clinical trial that was extended after the findings by Kaneko et al. [46] were reported

6-MWT 6-minute walk test distance; CPAP continuous positive airway pressure; HRV heart rate variability; LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction; QOL quality of life; SNA sympathetic nervous system activity; VPB ventricular premature beats

(Adapted from Bradley TD, Floras JS: Obstructive sleep apnea and its cardiovascular consequences. Lancet 2009, 373:82–93; with permission from Elsevier. [65])