TABLE 2.

Associations of BMI Class I Obesity with Eating Behaviors, Dietary Intake, and Mental Health: Multivariate Regression Models

	Variables	C statistic	Cognitive Restraint OR (95% CI)	Uncontrolled Eating OR (95% CI)	Emotional Eating OR (95% CI)	Sweets OR (95% CI)	Salty Snacks OR (95% CI)	Fruits OR (95% CI)	Depression OR (95% CI)	Anxiety OR (95% CI)	Stress OR (95% CI)
Model 1	Eating behaviors	0.73	3.3 (1.4, 7.5)§	1.3 (0.5, 3.1)	2.8 (1.2, 6.7)‡
Model 2	+ Sweets, salty snacks, and fruit	0.74	3.3 (1.4, 7.6)§	1.3 (0.6, 3.2)	2.9 (1.2, 7.3)‡	0.8 (0.3, 2.0)	1.0 (0.4, 2.4)	0.9 (0.4, 2.2)
Model 3	+ Depression, anxiety, stress	0.76	3.3 (1.4, 7.7)§	1.4 (0.5, 3.5)	3.0 (1.2, 7.8)‡	0.7 (0.3, 2.0)	0.9 (0.3, 2.3)	0.8 (0.3, 2.0)	0.8 (0.2, 3.0)	2.4 (0.8, 7.7)	0.5 (0.1, 3.9)
Model 4	+ Food insecurity, moderate physical activity, and physical function	0.78	4.1 (1.6, 10.3)§	1.3 (0.5, 3.5)	3.0 (1.1, 7.9)‡	0.6 (0.2, 1.6)	0.9 (0.4, 2.4)	0.9 (0.3, 2.3)	0.6 (0.2, 2.4)	2.6 (0.8, 8.4)	0.8 (0.1, 6.0)
Model 5	+ Self reported health, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes	0.78	4.0 (1.5, 10.4)§	1.2 (0.4, 3.5)	2.8 (1.0, 7.8)‡	0.6 (0.2, 1.9)	0.9 (0.3, 2.6)	1.0 (0.4, 2.6)	0.6 (0.1, 2.3)	2.3 (0.6, 8.0)	0.8 (0.1, 6.6)
Model 6	+ Demographics	0.84	4.8 (1.7, 13.7)§	0.9 (0.3, 2.8)	3.1 (1.0, 9.9)‡	0.7 (0.2, 2.3)	1.0 (0.3, 3.0)	1.1 (0.3, 3.2)	0.4 (0.1, 1.9)	2.2 (0.6, 8.8)	1.2 (0.1, 11.3)

^*Dependent variable is non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m², n = 52) vs. obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², n = 61).

^†Each eating behavior coded as the median split; sweets, salty snacks, and fruit as the upper tertile vs. lower two tertiles; depression, anxiety, and stress coded as normal versus mild, moderate or severe. As indicated, models controlled for these potential cofounders: food insecurity, physical activity, physical function, self-reported health, health conditions, and demographics.

Significance level:

^‡significant at p ≤ 0.05;

^§significant at p ≤ 0.01;

^‖significant at p ≤ 0.001;

^¶significant at p ≤ 0.0001.