Table 2. Results of Tukey’s post hoc tests.

	Mean difference between HNP and NDP	Mean difference between HNP and DSM	Mean difference between HNP and ESM	Mean difference between NDP and DSM	Mean difference between NDP and ESM	Mean difference between DSM and ESM
Socio-demographics
Age	8.55*	1.60	7.73*	-6.95*	-0.82	6.13*
Health-related activities
Involvement in medical encounter	0.06	-0.56*	-0.27	-0.62*	-0.33	0.29
Medication non-adherence	0.02	0.21	0.18	0.19	0.16	-0.03
Health outcomes
cLBP pain and functionality	-0.35	-0.39	-0.77	-0.04	-0.42	-0.38

Note: Values are based on data with imputed missings following an expectation maximization approach

Values indicate mean differences between patient types

*p < .05

**p < .01

***p < .001.