Table 3.
Multinomial model comparing men who remain in the active surveillance program (baseline), men who withdrew from the program/were lost to follow-up, men who left the program on a physician's recommendation, and men self-elected to leave the program. Men with missing variables are excluded from the regression modela,b
| RRR (95 % CI)c | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||
| Withdrew/lost to nbsp;follow-up (n = 46) | Left on physician's recommendation (n = 311) | Self-elected to leave (n = 103) | |
| Age at diagnosis | |||
| 40 to <60 years | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 60 to <70 years | 0.93 (0.29–2.97) | 0.97 (0.59–1.56) | 0.55 (0.30–1.01) |
| ≥70 years | 0.89 (0.24–3.36) | 1.08 (0.63–1.85) | 0.16 (0.06–0.43) |
| PSA level at diagnosis | |||
| <4 ng/mL | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 4 to <10 ng/mL | 1.11 (0.45–2.74) | 1.71 (1.17–2.48) | 1.95 (1.09–3.49) |
| ≥10 ng/mL | 1.05 (0.21–5.19) | 0.79 (0.38–1.66) | 0.74 (0.20–2.65) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Black | Undefined | 1.24 (0.64–2.41) | 0.68 (0.19–2.40) |
| Other | Undefined | 1.28 (0.50–3.28) | 0.43 (0.05–3.45) |
| Family history of prostate cancer | |||
| No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Yes | 0.65 (0.22–1.95) | 1.11 (0.75–1.63) | 1.23 (0.69–2.20) |
| Family history of any cancer | |||
| No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Yes | 1.09 (0.47–2.52) | 1.17 (0.83–1.64) | 1.29 (0.75–2.20) |
| Education | |||
| Less than college | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Bachelor's degree | 0.59 (0.11–3.16) | 1.07 (0.65–1.74) | 0.55 (0.26–1.16) |
| Graduate degree | 0.71 (0.11–3.33) | 0.82 (0.52–1.29) | 0.64 (0.34–1.20) |
| Marital status | |||
| Not married | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Married or partnered | 1.10 (0.37–3.34) | 0.87 (0.54–1.40) | 0.41 (0.16–1.06) |
CI confidence interval, RRR relative risk ratio
Excludes patients who are no longer in the Johns Hopkins program but are being followed elsewhere (n = 69) or are deceased (n = 46)
In the multinomial model, the reference category is men who remain in the active surveillance program. The models simultaneously adjust for all covariates listed in the table. Only completely ascertained cases are included in the regression model
Bold text indicates significance at the p < 0.05 level