Table 4.

Risk Factors for Operative Mortality for Patients Undergoing Mitral Valve Replacement (n = 765 Patients)

Variable	Number of Patients With Variable (%)	Univariate Analysis		Multivariate Analysis
		p Value	Odds Ratioa	p Value
Age	765 (100)	0.001	0.003 ± 0.001	0.13
Operative year	765 (100)	0.11
Female sex	460 (60)	0.13
Hypertension	398 (52)	0.67
Diabetes mellitus	177 (23)	0.79
Chronic pulmonary disease	162 (21)	0.99
Chronic renal disease	111 (15)	0.001	4.7 (2.6-6.7)	0.001
Peripheral vascular disease	84 (11)	0.001	2.7 (1.5-4.6)	0.03
Cerebrovascular disease	155 (20)	0.44
History of myocardial infarction	178 (23)	0.02	1.8 (1.2-2.6)	0.55
Smoking history	447 (58)	0.97
Congestive heart failure	599 (78)	0.50
Ejection fraction < 0.40b	195 (38)	0.25
Pulmonary hypertensionc	400 (63)	0.07
NYHA class IV	250 (33)	0.009	1.8 (1.2-2.8)	0.21
Mitral stenosis	275 (36)	0.002	0.5 (0.3-0.7)	0.96
Mitral regurgitation (3-4+)	613 (80)	0.25
Nonrheumatic origin	484 (63)	0.001	3.6 (2.0-6.4)	0.02
Active endocarditis	140 (18)	0.003	2.7 (1.4-5.1)	0.04
Previous cardiac surgery	167 (22)	0.93
Previous mitral valve surgery	83 (11)	0.01	0.2 (0.1-0.7)	0.06
Concomitant coronary bypass	196 (26)	0.001	2.5 (1.6-4.0)	0.005
Concomitant AVR	179 (23)	0.14
Urgent or emergent status	100 (13)	0.001	2.7 (1.6-4.6)	0.008
Bioprosthetic valve implanted	325 (42)	0.001	3.2 (2.0-5.0)	0.001
BSA	765 (100)	0.99
EOA/BSA	765 (100)	0.001	–0.173 ± 0.045	0.21

^aOdds ratios are reported with 95% confidence intervals for categorical variables. For continuous variables, regression coefficients are reported with standard error of the mean.

^bEjection fraction was available in only 507 patients.

^cPulmonary hypertension was not recorded before 1996 and was available in only 635 patients.

AVR = aortic valve replacement; BSA = body surface area; EOA = effective orifice area; NYHA = New York Heart Association.