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Phase-Specific Biomarkers in Theiler’s Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus–Induced Myocarditis
| 4 dpi (Phase I) | 7 dpi (Phase II) | 60 dpi (Phase III) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Echocardiography | − | + | + |
| Serum troponin I | + | ++ | − |
| Viral replication | ++ | + | − |
| Microarray | |||
| Innate immunity | ++ | +++ | − |
| Acquired immunity | − | ++ | + |
| Cardiac remodeling | − | + | ++ |
− indicates undetectable; +, above the sensitivity limit; ++, moderately positive; +++, highly positive; and dpi indicates days post infection.
