Table. Demographics.

Characteristic	Healthy Controls (n = 57)	Nonpsychotic Siblings of COS Patients (n = 49)a	Test Statistic With df	P Value
Sex
Female	28	30	${\chi }_1^2=1.55$	.21
Male	29	19
Handedness
Left	4	2	${\chi }_1^2=0.42$	.52
Right	53	47
Race
Asian	1	1	${\chi }_2^4=4.62$	.32
Black/African American	6	8
Hispanic	5	4
Other/mixed race	4	9
White	41	27
Socioeconomic status, mean (SD)b	41.9 (20.3)	51.4 (24.7)	t104 = 0.77	.03
Vocabulary score, mean (SD)	11.5 (2.1)	10.9 (2.9)	t97 = 1.12	.26
Age at scan, y
Overall, mean (SD)	16.9 (5.3)	16.1 (5.3)	t210 = 1.06	.44
Median (range)	16.3 (8.3-28.3)	16.1 (7.8-27.2)
Time 1, mean (SD)	15.7 (5.2)	14.8 (5.1)	t104 = 0.93	.35
Median (range)	15.2 (6.9-27.8)	15.0 (7.2-26.4)
Time 2, mean (SD)	18.0 (5.3)	17.4 (5.5)	t104 = 0.61	.54
Median (range)	17.7 (9.6-28.8)	17.2 (8.4-28.0)
Scan interval, y	2.3 (0.6)	2.6 (0.7)	t104 = 2.45	.02
Median (range)	2.13 (0.98-3.70)	2.42 (1.26-3.91)
Comorbid Axis I disorders, lifetimec
Anxiety disorder	…	9
Alcohol/substance abuse	…	2
Behavioral disorder	…	5
Depressive mood	…	15
Bipolar disorder	…	0
Other Axis II disorders, lifetime	…	7

Abbreviation: COS, childhood-onset schizophrenia.

^aNone of the nonpsychotic siblings were receiving antipsychotic medication. Only 3 had taken either selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or stimulant medication at some point in their lifetime.

^bSocioeconomic status was measured using the Hollingshead index.³⁰ Higher scores reflect lower socioeconomic status.

^cAxis I disorders were not present in the control group.