Table 3.

Mean scores across participants on measures relevant to fear avoidance

Measure	Patients				Mean
	1	2	3	4
Visual analogue scale
Baseline	63	47	37	20	41.75
Treatment	69	51	4	3	31.75
Follow-up	31	12	7	15	16.25*
Tampa scale for kinesiophobia
Baseline	30	28	37	36	32.75
Treatment	34	20	28	18	25.00
Follow-up	31	19	29	17	24.00
Pain and impairment relationship scale
Baseline	78	48	76	61	65.75
Treatment	57	38	45	38	44.50*
Follow-up	58	26	51	33	42.00***
Coping strategies questionnaire–catastrophizing scale
Baseline	3.16	1.33	3.33	1.33	2.29
Treatment	3.66	0.67	0.67	1.17	1.54
Follow-up	2.67	0.33	0.5	0.17	0.92**
Beck depression inventory
Baseline	14	1	17	5	9.25
Treatment	16	1	13	2	8.00
Follow-up	15	0	13	2	7.50
Multidimensional pain inventory–interference scale
Baseline	4.10	2.18	5.22	3.70	3.80
Treatment	4.30	1.45	3.18	2.30	2.81
Follow-up	3.73	2.72	3.90	1.60	2.99

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.10; ***p = 0.001