Figure 2.

Anti-inflammatory effect of P. umbellatum SDE versus time after inflammatory stimulus on carrageenan-induced paw edema. Paw edema was measured with a caliper; results were expressed as paw edema in mm³ (mean ± SEM); treatments: P. umbellatum SDE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), vehicle (PBS, pH 7.0 + Tween 80 0.3%), or indomethacin (10 mg/kg) one hour before intraplantar carrageenan 2.5% injection. n = 8 animals/group. ANOVA, Newman-Keuls Multiple Comparison Test; ^* P < 0.05, ^** P < 0.01, and ^*** P < 0.001 in comparison to negative control group (vehicle).