Table 5.

Infection Rates After Ventriculostomy

	Study	Type	Cases	Infections	Infection Rate	Procedure Location	Culture Frequency
1	Alleyne et al., 200034	R	308	12	3.9%	Not specified	Twice weekly
2	Arabi et al., 200535	R	84	12	14.3%	Multiple locations	Daily
3	Bota et al., 200536	P	638	58	9.1%	Operating Room	Daily
4	Hoefnagel et al., 200837	R	228	53	23.2%	Operating room	3 times/week
5	Kaufmann et al., 200438	P	158	13	8.2%	Operating room	Daily
6	Khan et al., 199839	R	104	7	6.7%	Not specified	Not Specified
7	Kim et al., 199540	R	61	7	11.5%	Operating room	Daily
8	Lackner et al., 200819	P/R	39	11	28.2%	Operating room	Daily in treatment group; 3 times/week in control group
9	Leung et al., 200741	R	103	7	6.8%	Operating room	Not routine
10	Lyke et al., 2001l42	P	151	11	7.3%	Multiple locations	At & 2 days after EVD placement
11	Mayhall et al., 198443	P	172	16	9.3%	Multiple locations	Not Specified
12	Naff et al., 201115	RCT	48	4	8.3%	Intensive care unit	Daily
13	Park et al., 200431	R	595	51	8.6%	Multiple locations	Not routine
14	Pfisterer et al., 200344	P	130	21	16.2%	Intensive care unit	3 times/week
15	Roitberg et al., 200120	R	103	1	1.0%	Intensive care unit	Daily
16	Smith et al., 197621	R	56	3	5.4%	Multiple locations	Not routine
17	Tse et al., 201045	R	319	15	4.7%	Operating room	Not specified
18	Zentner et al., 199546	P	226	8	3.5%	Not specified	Not specified
19	Patil et al., 201329	R	111	5	4.5%	Not specified	Not specified
20	Wang et al., 201330	P	45	6	13.3%	Not specified	Not Specified
21	Flint et al., 201347	R	262	15	5.7%	Intensive care unit	Only if concern for infection
22	Lajcak et al., 201348	R	403	29	7.1%	Operating room	Routine monitoring
23	Winkler et al., 201349	RTC	61	11	18%	Not Specified	Every third day
24	Camacho et al., 201350	P	194	12	6.2%	Operating room	Only if concern for infection
25	Kubilay et al., 201351	P	2928	41	1.4%	Not specified	Only if concern for infection
26	Keong et al., 201252	RTC	278	47	16.9%	Not specified	Routine daily monitoring
27	Lwin et al., 201253	R	234	8	3.4%	Not Specified	Only if concern for infection
28	Lemcke et al., 201254	R	95	10	11%	Operating room	Only if concern for infection
29	Pople et al., 201255	RTC	434	9	2.5%	Not specified	Day of EVD placement, 3 days post EVD placement, upon EVD removal and in between if CSF infection suspected
30	Park et al., 201156	R	250	29	11.6%	Not specified	Not specified
31	Rafiq et al., 201157	P	76	9	11.8%	Operating room	Only if concern for infection
32	Guyot et al., 199822	R	274	20	7.29	Not specified	Not Specified
33	North et al., 198633	R	199	7	3.5%	Not specified	Only if concern for infection
32	CLEAR III (ongoing)	RTC	250	11	3.6%	Not specified	Daily

P, prospective; R, retrospective; RCT, randomized clinical trial