Table 1.
Characteristics of Inpatient Cirrhosis Admissions in all hospitals
| Full Cirrhosis Cohort N = 102,155 |
High Volume Hospital Cohort N= 78,083 |
Low Volume Hospital Cohort N= 24,072 |
P value# |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| In-hospital mortality | 6946 (6.8%) | 5153 (6.6%) | 1803 (7.5%) | 0.08 |
| Age | 57.7 | 57.1 | 59.5 | 0.82 |
| Male | 63.2% | 64% | 60% | <0.001 |
| Race | <0.001 | |||
| • White | 65.6% | 62.5% | 76.5% | |
| • Black | 8.0% | 8.2% | 7.4% | |
| • Hispanic | 19.6% | 22.2% | 10.8% | |
| • Asian/PI | 1.9% | 2.1% | 1.2% | |
| • Native | 1.4% | 1.3% | 1.8% | |
| American | 3.4% | 3.8% | 2.3% | |
| • Other | ||||
| Mean length of stay (days) | 6.1 | 6.3 | 5.3 | 0.85 |
| Insurance status | <0.001 | |||
| Medicare | 38.3% | 35.9% | 46.2% | |
| Medicaid | 23.2% | 24.3% | 19.5% | |
| Private/HMO | 23.3% | 23.7% | 22.1% | |
| Self Pay | 10.2% | 10.8% | 8.3% | |
| No Charge | 0.89% | 1.0% | 0.44% | |
| Other | 3.90% | 4.0% | 3.4% | |
| Hospital bed size | <0.001 | |||
| Small | 10.2% | 5.4% | 25.8% | |
| Medium | 24.8% | 22.1% | 33.6% | |
| Large | 65.0% | 72.5% | 40.6% | |
| % Cirrhosis admits by hospital region | 0.004 | |||
| Northeast | 18.4% | 19.2% | 15.7% | |
| Midwest | 19.9% | 17.7% | 27.4% | |
| South | 37.9% | 37.4% | 39.4% | |
| West | 23.8% | 25.7% | 17.6% | |
| Hospital location | <0.001 | |||
| Urban | 91.3% | 98.1% | 69.3% | |
| Rural | 8.7% | 1.9% | 30.7% | |
| Teaching status | <0.001 | |||
| Teaching | 49.4% | 60.8% | 12.2% | |
| Non-teaching | 50.6% | 39.2% | 87.8% | |
| Admission type | 0.009 | |||
| Emergency | 74.4% | 75.8% | 70.1% | |
| Urgent | 18.3% | 18.0% | 19.1% | |
| Elective | 7.2% | 6.1% | 10.7% | |
| Patient location | <0.001 | |||
| • Metro 1mil | 35.4% | 40.6% | 18.7% | |
| • Fringe 1mil | 22.0% | 22.2% | 21.3% | |
| • 250K–999K | 19.5% | 21.2% | 14.0% | |
| • 50K–249K | 7.6% | 6.5% | 11.2% | |
| • Micropolitan | 9.6% | 5.6% | 22.5% | |
| • Neither | 5.8% | 3.8% | 12.3% | |
| Transfer status | <0.001 | |||
| Not a transfer | 91.8% | 90.7% | 95.3% | |
| Transfer | 8.2% | 9.3% | 4.7% | |
| Income by quartile | 0.22 | |||
| • 1–39K | 31.6% | 31.1% | 33.5% | |
| • 39K–48K | 26.9% | 26.3% | 28.8% | |
| • 48K–63K | 23.6% | 24.1% | 22.2% | |
| • 63K+ | 17.8% | 18.5% | 15.5% | |
| Hepatitis C | 21.5% | 23.1% | 16.4% | <0.001 |
| Alcoholic liver disease | 59.7% | 59.9% | 58.9% | 0.49 |
| Ascites | 64% | 64.6% | 62% | 0.04 |
| GI bleed | 8.6% | 8.6% | 8.6% | 0.95 |
| Hepatic encephalopathy | 43.4% | 42.4% | 46.5% | 0.002 |
| Hepatorenal syndrome | 7.7% | 8.1% | 6.3% | 0.006 |
| HCC | 3.2% | 3.5% | 2.2% | 0.002 |
| Diabetes | 30.3% | 30.0% | 31.5% | 0.16 |
| Infection& | 24.1% | 24.4% | 23.1% | 0.14 |
| Acute Kidney Injury | 20.1% | 23.1% | 15.1% | <0.001 |
| APR-DRG Mortality | ||||
| Risk Score | <0.001 | |||
| • Minor | 7.3% | 6.7% | 9.3% | |
| • Moderate | 37.7% | 37.1% | 39.6% | |
| • Major | 37.1% | 37.2% | 36.8% | |
| • Extreme | 18.0% | 19.0% | 14.4% | |
| Procedures | ||||
| Liver Transplant | 1.7% | 2.2% | 0 | 0.02 |
| Paracentesis | 42.6% | 44% | 37.5% | <0.001 |
| EGD | 15.3% | 16.2% | 12.5% | <0.001 |
*
Note: some percentages do not add up to 100% due to missing values
#
Comparison made between high-volume and low-volume cohort
&
Composite of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, pneumonia, sepsis, Clostridium difficile infection, cholangitis, bacteremia, urinary tract infection, and cellulitis.