Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics by HbA1c Category
| Characterisic | HbA1c Category |
Total, Median (Min–Max) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <5.7%, Median (Min–Max) | 5.7–6.4%, Median (Min–Max) | >6.4%, Median (Min–Max) | ||
| n | 51 | 44 | 3 | 98 |
| Age at enrollment, y | 13.9 (10.0–18.0) | 14.3 (10.1–18.0) | 14.1 (10.6–14.4) | 14.1 (10.0–18.0) |
| Male, N (%) | 19 (37.3) | 15 (34.1) | 1 (33.3) | 35 (35.7) |
| Ethnicity, N (%)a | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 18 (35.3) | 6 (13.6) | — | 24 (24.5) |
| Black | 4 (7.8) | 7 (15.9) | — | 11 (11.2) |
| Hispanic | 29 (56.9) | 29 (65.9) | 3 (100.0) | 61 (62.2) |
| Other | — | 2 (4.5) | — | 2 (2.0) |
| Family history of diabetes | ||||
| No, N (%) | 13 (25.5) | 6 (13.6) | 0 (0) | 19 (19.4) |
| Yes, N (%) | 37 (72.5) | 38 (86.4) | 3 (100.0) | 78 (79.6) |
| Weight, kga | 80.8 (59.3–171.4) | 91.9 (41.2–167.8) | 111.4 (93.2–141.4) | 87.7 (41.2–171.4) |
| Height, cm | 159.0 (143.6–181.6) | 163.6 (140.0–189.0) | 161.3 (156.0–173.0) | 161.2 (140.0–189.0) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 31.2 (23.7–55.5) | 34.7 (21.0–52.9) | 42.8 (38.3–47.3) | 32.5 (21.0–55.5) |
| BMI z scorea | 2.2 (1.1–2.9) | 2.3 (1.1–3.0) | 2.8 (2.5–2.9) | 2.3 (1.1–3.0) |
| Waist circumference, cma | 97.6 (80.0–155.0) | 106.0 (39.5–158.9) | 124.0 (108.0–138.0) | 101.0 (39.5–158.9) |
| Hip circumference, cm | 105.5 (85.7–167.5) | 108.7 (77.0–144.0) | 122.0 (121.0–129.0) | 108.2 (77.0–167.5) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 1.0 (0.4–1.7) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.9 (0.4–1.7) |
| SBP, mm Hg | 120 (95–147) | 122 (107–161) | 129 (115–135) | 120.5 (95–161) |
| SBP percentile | 83.7 (17.4–100.0) | 90.1 (34.3–100.0) | 92.5 (79.1–97.2) | 87.0 (17.4–100.0) |
| DBP, mm Hga | 68 (48–87) | 72 (59–100) | 75 (59–86) | 69.5 (48–100) |
| DBP percentilea | 62.4 (10.2–97.7) | 70.7 (34.4–99.7) | 80.9 (35.1–84.3) | 65.2 (10.2–99.7) |
| Tanner stage, N, % | ||||
| I | 3 (5.9) | 3 (6.8) | 0 (0) | 6 (6.1) |
| II | 8 (15.7) | 3 (6.8) | 0 (0) | 11 (11.2) |
| III | 7 (13.7) | 5 (11.4) | 1 (33.3) | 13 (13.3) |
| IV | 6 (11.8) | 8 (18.2) | 0 (0) | 14 (14.3) |
| V | 27 (52.9) | 25 (56.8) | 2 (66.7) | 54 (55.1) |
| ALT, U/Lb | 25.0 (6.0–69.0) | 40.0 (18.0–182.0) | 51.0 (41.0–76.0) | 30.0 (6.0–182.0) |
| AST, U/L | 35.0 (16.0–113.0) | 39.5 (18.0–85.0) | 89.0 (48.0–116.0) | 38.0 (16.0–116.0) |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dLc | 83 (65–97) | 90.5 (76–110) | 103 (80–130) | 86 (65–130) |
| 2-h OGTT, mg/dLb | 122 (84–176) | 136.5 (93–289) | 249 (223–276) | 131 (84–289) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 170 (81–276) | 163 (117–292) | 165 (148–175) | 166 (81–292) |
| TG, mg/dL | 122 (31–544) | 148 (48–596) | 223 (195–332) | 137 (31–596) |
| LDL, mg/dL | 96 (25–218) | 100 (57–198) | 99 (83–112) | 99 (25–218) |
| HDL, mg/dL | 37 (25–65) | 37.5 (24–68) | 28 (26–39) | 37 (24–68) |
| Non-HDL, mg/dL | 128 (42–242) | 128 (71–232) | 126 (120–149) | 128 (42–242) |
| TG/HDL | 3.4 (0.7–18.1) | 3.9 (0.8–20.1) | 7.0 (5.7–12.8) | 3.6 (0.7–20.1) |
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TG, triglyceride.
Due to the small number of diabetes range A1c subjects, P-values are for A1c <5.7% and 5.7–6.4% categories only. P-values for continuous variables are from the Kruskal-Wallis test. P-values for categorical variables are from the χ2 or Fisher's exact test.
a
.01 ≤ P ≤ .05.
b
.0001 ≤ P ≤ .01.
c
P ≤ .0001.