. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2014 Nov 7;68(3):568–584. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2014.961934

Table 3. Statistical tests on reading time measures in the target region.

Effect	First-fixation duration		FP reading times		FP regressions out		Go-past time		Total time
Effect	Subjects	Items	Subjects	Items	Subjects	Items	Subjects	Items	Subjects	Items
Native language group	15.05 (50344)^**	45.78 (118638)^**	30.62 (8580500)^**	169.72 (26121239)^**	1.32 (0.02)	1.59 (0.08)	27.44 (39764768)^**	331.99 (112827189)^**	35.45 (108769970)^**	355.66 (322276381)^**
English vs. Arabic	4.61^**	9.38^**	7.47^**	17.49^**	2.21^*	2.86^**	5.52^**	18.05^**	8.47^**	26.82^**
English vs. Mandarin	1.13	1.46	5.65^**	11.49^**	<1	1.06	1.60	3.51^**	7.68^**	18.55^**
Arabic vs. Mandarin	3.71^**	6.49^**	3.33^**	8.16^**	2.27^*	3.59^**	5.87^**	19.22^**	2.75^**	8.66^**
Gramm. condition	19.20 (18650)^**	26.26 (68054)^**	2.72 (89309)	3.37 (518186)^*	55.35 (0.87)^**	23.41 (1.21)^**	25.49 (2065794)^**	20.77 (7058362)^**	16.34 (5040208)^**	17.65 (15989036)^**
Noun–adjective vs. grammatical	<1	<1	2.83^**	1.92	1.55	1.58	3.96^**	2.21^*	4.54^**	3.49^**
Noun–article vs. grammatical	5.04^**	5.12^**	1.71	1.74	7.48^**	6.82^**	5.47^**	4.78^**	5.54^**	3.47^**
Noun–adjective vs. noun–article	5.19^**	5.43^**	<1	<1	5.29^**	4.43^**	4.22^**	1.91	<1	<1
Native Language × Gramm. Condition	< 1	< 1	4.58 (150336)^*	2.54 (391048)^*	1.32	1.59	3.10(251135)^*	1.90(644965)	2.45 (755780)^*	2.56 (2321768)^*
Native English
Noun–adjective vs. grammatical	<1	<1	<1	<1	5.11^**	4.14^**	4.04^**	3.37^**	4.27^**	5.19^**
Noun–article vs. grammatical	2.52^*	3.53^**	6.17^**	5.22^**	5.92^**	5.28^**	7.48^**	8.92^**	4.28^**	6.05^**
Noun–adjective vs. noun–article	2.29^*	2.79^**	5.07^**	4.72^**	1.51	1.49	5.68^**	5.59^**	2.06	<1
Native Arabic
Noun–adjective vs. grammatical	<1	<1	<1	<1	2.14, p = .05	1.45	3.17^**	2.19^*	2.25^*	2.81^**
Noun–article vs. grammatical	3.56^**	4.06^**	3.97^**	3.34^**	<1	<1	3.14^**	4.78^**	1.60	1.47
Noun–adjective vs. noun–article	4.59^**	4.62^**	3.10^**	2.71^**	1.68	1.62	1.84, p = .08	<1	1.12	1.57
Native Mandarin
Noun–adjective vs. grammatical	<1	<1	1.83, p = .08	1.89, p = .06	< 1	< 1	< 1	1.14	3.55^**	3.54^**
Noun–article vs. grammatical	2.61^*	2.41^*	3.51^**	3.54^**	< 1	1.17	1.78, p = .09	2.54^*	5.20^**	5.00^**
Noun–adjective vs. noun–article	2.24^*	2.84^**	1.62	1.00	1.02	< 1	1.61	1.57	1.76, p = .10	1.03

Note: Values represent F-test statistics for main effects and interactions with mean square errors in parentheses, and t-test statistics for pair-wise comparisons. FP = first-pass; gramm. = grammatical.

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.