Table 2. Prevalence rates and adjusted odds ratios for having dyspnea on exertion, according to spirometric category and age group.

Spiometric Category a	N b	No. (%) of participants with dyspnea on exertion c	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) d
Age 40-80
Normal	5,671	1,463 (25.8)	1.00
Airflow-obstruction	892	344 (38.6)	1.69 (1.42, 2.02)
Restrictive-pattern	433	197 (45.5)	1.75 (1.36, 2.25)
Age 40-64
Normal	3,783	874 (23.1)	1.00
Airflow-obstruction	516	179 (34.7)	1.69 (1.40, 2.03) e
Restrictive-pattern	275	115 (41.8)	1.57 (1.11, 2.21) f
Age 65-80
Normal	1,888	589 (31.2)	1.00
Airflow-obstruction	376	165 (43.9)	1.74 (1.32, 2.31) e
Restrictive-pattern	158	82 (51.9)	2.09 (1.54, 2.83) f

Abbreviations: FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1-second; FVC, forced vital capacity; GLI, Global Lung Function Initiative; GLI-LLN₅, lower limit of normal at the 5^th percentile distribution, as defined by a GLI-calculated Z-score of -1.64; SD, standard deviation.

^aNormal spirometry was defined by FEV1/FVC and FVC, both ≥GLI-LLN₅; airflow-obstruction by FEV1/FVC<GLI-LLN₅; and restrictive-pattern by FEV1/FVC≥GLI-LLN₅ and FVC<GLI-LLN₅.

^bVaried from Table 1 because of missing data.

^cPercentage of the corresponding spirometric category.

^dOdds ratios were calculated using logistic regression models, adjusted for age, height, sex, ethnicity, BMI, smoking history, high cardiovascular risk, and health status.

^eNot significantly different in the age group of 40-60 vs. 65-80 (p-value for age interaction was .713).

^fNot significantly different in the age group of 40-60 vs. 65-80 (p-value for age interaction was .201).