Table 4. Prevalence rates and adjusted odds ratios for wheezing, respectively, according to spirometric category and age group.

Spiometric Category a	N b	No. (%) of participants with wheezing c	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) d
Age 40-80
Normal	5,683	606 (10.7)	1.00
Airflow-obstruction	892	218 (24.4)	2.50 (2.08, 3.00)
Restrictive-pattern	434	83 (19.1)	1.53 (1.15, 2.04)
Age 40-64
Normal	3,787	414 (10.9)	1.00
Airflow-obstruction	516	131 (25.4)	2.35 (1.83, 3.01) e
Restrictive-pattern	276	56 (20.3)	1.57 (1.10, 2.25) f
Age 65-80
Normal	1,896	192 (10.1)	1.00
Airflow-obstruction	376	87 (23.1)	2.85 (1.99, 4.07) e
Restrictive-pattern	158	27 (17.1)	1.46 (0.89, 2.41) f

Abbreviations: FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1-second; FVC, forced vital capacity; GLI, Global Lung Function Initiative; GLI-LLN₅, lower limit of normal at the 5^th percentile distribution, as defined by a GLI-calculated Z-score of -1.64; SD, standard deviation.

^aNormal spirometry was defined by FEV1/FVC and FVC, both ≥GLI-LLN₅; airflow-obstruction by FEV1/FVC<GLI-LLN₅; and restrictive-pattern by FEV1/FVC≥GLI-LLN₅ and FVC<GLI-LLN₅.

^bVaried from Table 1 because of missing data.

^cPercentage of the corresponding spirometric category.

^dOdds ratios were calculated using logistic regression models, adjusted for age, height, sex, ethnicity, BMI, smoking history, high cardiovascular risk, and health status.

^eNot significantly different in the age group of 40-60 vs. 65-80 (p-value for age interaction was .822).

^fNot significantly different in the age group of 40-60 vs. 65-80 (p-value for age interaction was .936).