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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Signal. 2014 Nov 25;27(3):707–715. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.11.018

Figure 4. Insulin attenuates βAR-induced cAMP and PKA signaling in cardiomyocytes in a β2AR dependent manner.

Figure 4

Wild type, β1ARKO, and β2AR-KO neonatal cardiomyocytes expressing cAMP biosensor ICUE3 (A–C) or PKA biosensor AKAR3 (D–F) were treated with insulin (100 nM, 30 min) prior to stimulation with ISO (10 μM). The changes in the FRET ratio were recorded respectively. # p < 0.05 by two-way ANOVA ( n=30~40).