Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population
| Variable | Type 1 diabetes n = 181 | Controls n = 96 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 19.4 ± 2.8 | 19.1 ± 2.8 | 0.39 |
| Males, n (%) | 95 (53%) | 46 (48%) | 0.41 |
| Non-Caucasian, n (%) | 26 (14%) | 19 (20%) | 0.24 |
| Height z-score | 0.2 ± 1.0 | 0.5 ± 1.0 | 0.10 |
| Weight (kg) | 75.6 ± 15.8 | 79.3 ± 24.0 | 0.83 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 88.8 ± 13.1 | 92.0 ± 18.6 | 0.64 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.7 ± 5.0 | 26.7 ± 7.5 | 0.79 |
| BMI z-score | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 0.8 ± 1.1 | 0.83 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 111 ± 9 | 110 ± 10 | 0.52 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 67 ± 9 | 66 ± 8 | 0.30 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 69.9 ± 12.0 | 64.0 ± 9.9 | < 0.01 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 170.4 ± 35.4 | 165.6 ± 30.2 | 0.41 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)* | 96.5 ± 65.5 | 107.7 ± 67.6 | 0.07 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 98.6 ± 30.1 | 94.1 ± 25.8 | 0.47 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 52.7 ± 14.6 | 49.9 ± 13.2 | 0.19 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.8 ± 1.8 | 5.0 ± 0.3 | < 0.01 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 10.6 ± 3.9 | NA | NA |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL)* | 12.9 ± 6.5 | 11.0 ± 5.1 | 0.045 |
| Tanner stage pubic hair, n (%) | 0.69 | ||
| Tanner 1–3 | 2 (2%) | 3(3%) | |
| Tanner 4 | 25 (14%) | 13 (14%) | |
| Tanner 5 | 152 (85%) | 80 (83%) | |
| Tanner stage, breast n (%) | 0.31 | ||
| Tanner 1–3 | 4 (5%) | 3 (6%) | |
| Tanner 4 | 16(19%) | 13(26%) | |
| Tanner 5 | 64 (76%) | 34 (68%) |
BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin.
Data are mean and standard deviation unless stated.
*
Compared by non-parametric test.