Effect of systemic infusion of BMMSCs on the number of TRAP- and ALP-positive cells in BMMSC implants. The number of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in BMMSC implants was analyzed by TRAP and anti-ALP double staining at 3 weeks post-BMMSC implantation. (A) TRAP and anti-ALP staining in group without BMMSC infusion. (B) TRAP and anti-ALP staining in BMMSC infusion group. (C, D) Statistical analysis for TRAP- and anti-ALP-positive cells in BMMSC implants. Triangle showed TRAP-positive cells, arrow showed ALP-positive cells, NS, no significant difference, **p<0.01, n=5. Scale bar=50 μm. Color images available online at www.liebertpub.com/tea