Twenty-first century TB research using rhesus macaques. The timeline shows important studies of experimental M. tuberculosis infection in rhesus macaques during the 21st century, from 2001 to 2014 (13, 26–34, 36–43). Events are organized chronologically by year of publication. Locations of the experiments (red) and the corresponding author (blue) are specified accordingly. Boxed events refer to comparative TB studies using both cynomolgus and rhesus macaques. All studies, except for those reported in references 28 to 30 and 34, used Indian rhesus macaques. Abbreviations: BPRC, Biomedical Primate Research Center; rBCG, recombinant BCG.