Fig. (1).

The mean distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the alveolar bone crest in male and female control rats, and male and female maternal deprived (MD) rats as measured on digital radiographs. p < 0.05 between controls and MD rats, in both males and females, demonstrating that rats exposed to long-term separation (360 min) from their mother during the first 14 days of life developed significant more severe periodontitis in adulthood. In contrast, male and female rats exposed to short-term separation from their mother (10 min) during the same time period (handled rats; HD rats) tended to develop less periodontitis (NS).