HMSC was endowed with early smooth muscle differentiation trends upon coculture. (A, B) Myogenic and osteoblastic differentiation markers were represented as in the heatmaps; heatmaps were ordered via the fold of induction in Log2 scale. Master regulatory factors in myogenesis and osteogeneis process were indicated by arrow. (C) Relative mRNA expressions of SRF, MYOCD, CNN1, and SM22a in HMSC after coculture within 24 h. (D) TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 might regulate myogenic differentiation via mediating MYOCD through RhoA/ROCK pathway. Relative mRNA expressions of MYOCD with different treatments were indicated. (E) Schematic of reciprocal mechanisms in HMSC-HUVEC contact communication mediated prevascularization. * Indicates P-value <0.05, ** indicates P-value <0.01.