TABLE 1.
Study | No. of Participants | Cognitive Functioning Correlated With | Results (Domain) | Results (Task-specific) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Barrett-Connor 199939 | 547 Men | Testosterone | ↓Long-term memory, ↓long-term storage | ↓MMSE, ↓BIMC, ↓‘world’ backward |
Carlson & Sherwin 200041 | 31 Men | Estradiol | ↓Verbal fluency | ↑Forward digit span |
Yaffe 200223 | 310 Men | Testosterone | ↓Working memory, ↓visual scanning, ↓perceptual organization | ↓11% MMSE, ↓13% digit symbol, ↓20% Trails B |
Hogervorst 200440 | 66 Women 79 men | Estradiol | ↓Verbal recall, ↓information processing speed, ↓spatial span performance |
↓ Indicates decrease; MMSE. Mini-Mental State Examination; BIMC, Blessed Information-Memory-Concentration; ↑, increase.