Table 2.
Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics for Deliveries by Presence of Moderate and Severe Neonatal Term Morbidity among Term Non-anomalous1 Newborns
| Severe Neonatal Morbidity at Term | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n=8,057) | No (n= 95,359) | Risk Ratio2 | 95% CI2 | |
| N (%) | N (%) | |||
| Maternal Age | ||||
| <20 | 632 (7.8) | 5,464 (5.7) | 0.93 | 0.85–1.01 |
| 20–29 | 3,734 (46.3) | 43,226 (45.3) | ref | |
| 30–34 | 2,027 (25.2) | 26,649 (28.0) | 1.05 | 0.99–1.11 |
| 35–39 | 1,249 (15.5) | 15,559 (16.3) | 1.13 | 1.06–1.21 |
| 40–44 | 382 (4.8) | 4,144 (4.4) | 1.22 | 1.10–1.35 |
| 45+ | 33 (0.4) | 317 (0.3) | 1.37 | 0.93–1.81 |
| Maternal Race | ||||
| White | 4,407 (54.7) | 57,606 (60.4) | ref | |
| Black | 2,743 (34.1) | 23,640 (24.8) | 1.21 | 1.14–1.29 |
| Asian | 988 (12.3) | 15,335 (16.1) | 0.93 | 0.85–1.00 |
| Other | 167 (2.1) | 2459 (2.6) | 0.73 | 0.46–0.99 |
| Hispanics | 2,761 (34.3) | 30,135 (31.6) | 1.45 | 1.35–1.55 |
| Maternal Education | ||||
| Less than HS | 2,152 (26.7) | 22,530 (23.6) | 1.04 | 0.97–1.10 |
| HS | 1,851 (23.0) | 21,457 (22.5) | 1.00 | 0.95–1.06 |
| Greater than HS | 4,005 (49.7) | 51,065 (53.6) | ref | |
| Unknown | 49 (0.6) | 307 (0.3) | 1.10 | 0.74–1.47 |
| Insurance | ||||
| Commercial | 2,426 (30.1) | 35,596 (37.3) | ref | |
| Uninsured | 188 (2.3) | 1,730 (1.8) | 1.19 | 1.01–1.37 |
| Medicaid | 5,378 (66.8) | 57,329 (60.1) | 1.18 | 1.10–1.26 |
| Other | 65 (0.8) | 704 (0.7) | 1.47 | 1.12–1.82 |
| Illicit Drug Use | 174 (2.2) | 630 (0.7) | 2.73 | 2.08–3.39 |
| Tobacco Use | 662 (8.2) | 3408 (3.6) | 1.42 | 1.26–1.59 |
| Prenatal visits | ||||
| 0–5 | 659 (8.2) | 5,117 (5.4) | 1.18 | 1.08–1.27 |
| 6–8 | 999 (12.4) | 10,393 (10.9) | 1.08 | 1.01–1.15 |
| ≥9 | 6,110 (75.8) | 77,949 (81.7) | ref | |
| Unknown | 290 (3.6) | 1,900 (2.0) | 1.21 | 1.06–1.37 |
| Multiparous | 3,599 (44.7) | 51,850 (54.4) | 0.6 | 0.57–0.63 |
| Previous Cesarean | 988 (12.3) | 10,157 (10.7) | 1.45 | 1.35–1.55 |
| Premature Ruptured Membranes | 274 (3.4) | 2,961 (3.1) | 1.07 | 0.94–1.19 |
| Maternal Hypertension | 488 (6.1) | 2,620 (2.7) | 1.63 | 1.49–1.78 |
| Maternal Diabetes | 550 (6.8) | 4,634 (4.9) | 1.31 | 1.20–1.42 |
| Gestational age | ||||
| 37 | 1,035 (12.9) | 6,989 (7.3) | 1.60 | 1.48–1.71 |
| 38 | 1,430 (17.8) | 17,152 (18.0) | 1.04 | 0.97–1.11 |
| 39 | 2,605 (32.3) | 34,341 (36.0) | 0.97 | 0.92–1.03 |
| 40 | 2,120 (26.3) | 27,848 (29.2) | ref | |
| 41 plus | 867 (10.8) | 9,029 (9.5) | 1.2 | 1.11–1.29 |
| Newborn weight | ||||
| Small for gestational age | 492(6.1) | 3423 (3.6) | 1.54 | 1.40–1.67 |
| Appropriate for gestational age | 7,242 (89.9) | 89,726 (94.1) | ref | |
| Large for gestational age Delivery method3 |
323(4.0) | 2210 (2.3) | 1.73 | 1.55–1.91 |
| Cesarean Delivery | 3,552 (44.1) | 27,064 (28.4) | ||
| Vaginal delivery | 4,505(55.9) | 68,295(71.6) | ||
| Hospital Characteristics3 | ||||
| Hospital Ownership | ||||
| Public | 2,070 (25.7) | 16,861 (17.7) | ||
| Private | 5,987 (74.3) | 78,498 (82.3) | ||
| Teaching Status | ||||
| Not Teaching | 139 (1.7) | 2,301 (2.4) | ||
| Teaching | 7,918 (98.3) | 93,058 (97.6) | ||
| Nursery Level | ||||
| Level 2 | 771 (9.6) | 12,469 (13.1) | ||
| Level 3–4 | 7,286 (90.4) | 82,890 (86.9) | ||
| Delivery Volume4 | ||||
| Low | 1,381 (17.1) | 10,157 (10.7) | ||
| Medium | 1,711 (21.2) | 17,537 (18.4) | ||
| High | 2,166 (26.9) | 25,679 (26.9) | ||
| Very High | 2,799 (34.7) | 41,986 (44.0) | ||
1
Congenital anomalies identified using ICD-9 codes given in Korst et al.3
2
Derived from a logistic regression model adjusting for maternal sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, and comorbid conditions.
3
Variables not included in multivariable analysis.
4
Interquartile range is shown in Table 3 (see Delivery Volume)