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. 2015 Feb 12;9:823–833. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S63023

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© 2015 Sun et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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Combinatorial biosynthesis of sapogenins and saponins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Notes: CYP716Y1 was identified by transcript profiling, and recombined with different genes to form hybrid synthesis pathways that produce sapogenins and saponins. Cultivation conditions were further optimized, which greatly enhanced productivity. (1) Strain TM45, (2) Strain TM7, (3) Strain TM30, (4) Strain TM44. Blue rectangle: truncated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase gene from S. cerevisiae, tHMG1; brown rectangle: dammarenediol synthase gene from Centella asiatica, CaDDS; dark green rectangle: cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene from Bupleurum falcatum, CYP716Y1; red rectangle: Arabidopsis cytochrome P450 reductase gene, AtATR1; pink rectangle: β-amyrin synthase gene from Glycyrrhiza glabra, GgbAS; yellow rectangle: Medicago truncatula P450 gene that catalyzes a multistep oxidation at C-28, CYP716A12; green rectangle: Beta vulgaris UGT gene that catalyzes glucosylation at C-3, UGT73C11.

Abbreviation: CoA, coenzyme A.