Table 1.
Anthropometric characteristics and levels of obesity-related biomarkers in adolescents participating in the HELENA-CSS
| Total | Males | Females | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total participants (n) | 1804 | 855 | 949 |
| Age (y) (mean (range)) | 14.7 (12.5-17.4) | 14.8 (12.5-17.4) | 14.7 (12.5-17.4) |
| 12.5-14.9 y (n) | 1032 | 481 | 551 |
| 15.0-17.5 y (n) | 772 | 374 | 398 |
| Tanner Stage (n = 1752) | n (%) | ||
| Tanner 1 | 9 (0.514) | 9 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Tanner 2-4 | 1294 (73.9) | 614 (74.2) | 680 (73.5) |
| Tanner 5 | 449 (25.6) | 204 (24.7) | 245 (26.5) |
| Weight status (n = 1804)μ | |||
| Underweight | 142 (7.9) | 58 (6.8) | 84 (8.9) |
| Normal weight | 1383 (76.7) | 649 (75.9) | 734 (77.3) |
| Overweight | 222 (12.3) | 114 (13.3) | 108 (11.4) |
| Obesity | 57 (3.2) | 34 (4.0) | 23 (2.4) |
| Mean (SD) | |||
| Anthropometry | |||
| BMI z-score (n = 1804) | 0.270 (1.1) | 0.358 (1.1) | 0.190 (1.0) |
| BF% (n = 1764) | 22.0 (8.6) | 18.4 (9.1) | 25.1 (6.8) |
| Biomarkers | |||
| TC (mg/dL) (n = 552) | 159.1 (27) | 151.9 (24.9) | 165.8 (27.1) |
| TG (mg/dL) (n = 552) | 67.6 (31.1) | 64.5 (31.5) | 70.5 (30.5) |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) (n = 552) | 92.6 (24.2) | 89.0 (23.2) | 96.0 (24.7) |
| VLDL-C (mg/dL) (n = 552) | 13.5 (6.2) | 12.9 (6.3) | 14.1 (6.1) |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) (n = 552) | 55.6 (10.3) | 53.3 (9.3) | 57.8 (10.7) |
| CRP (mg/L) (n = 524) | 1.2 (4.0) | 1.5 (5.5) | 0.841 (1.3) |
| Glucose (mg/dL) (n = 552) | 90.1 (7.0) | 91.9 (7.2) | 88.5 (6.4) |
| Insulin (μlU/mL) (n = 545) | 9.5 (6.0) | 9.0 (6.6) | 10.0 (6.6) |
| Leptin (ng/mL) (n = 518) | 18.5 (21.9) | 8.1 (12.9) | 27.5 (24.1) |
SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; BF%, body fat percentage; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; LDL, low-density lipoprotein- cholesterol; VLDL-C, very low-density lipoprotein- cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein- cholesterol; CRP, c-reactive protein.
μBMI categories is classified based on the International Obesity Task Force cut-offs, underweight: <18.5 kg/m2, normal weight: 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, overweight: 25.0-29.9 kg/m2, obesity: ≥30.0 kg/m2.