Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the study subjects (CRC cases and controls) by phase
| Phase 1 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Cases N | Controls N | Total N | P-valuea |
| Sex | ||||
| M | 7 | 9 | 16 | 0.58 |
| F | 3 | 1 | 4 | |
| Smoker | 0.20 | |||
| Current | 2 | 1 | 3 | |
| Former | 5 | 2 | 7 | |
| Never | 3 | 7 | 10 | |
| Total | 10 | 10 | 20 | |
| Age (yrs.) mean (SD) | 61.6 (11.1) | 60.2 (10.9) | 60.9 (10.8) | 0.89 |
| Phase 2 | ||||
| Characteristic | Cases N | Controls N | Total N | P-value a |
| Sex | 1.0 | |||
| M | 4 | 4 | 8 | |
| F | 6 | 6 | 12 | |
| Smoker | 0.08 | |||
| Current | 4 | 0 | 4 | |
| Former | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| Never | 5 | 8 | 13 | |
| Total | 10 | 10 | 20 | |
| Age (yrs.) mean (SD) | 53.3 (7.8) | 53.3 (7.6) | 53.3 (7.5) | 0.91 |
| Phase 3 | ||||
| Characteristic | Cases N c | Controls N | Total N | P-value a |
| Sex | 1.00 | |||
| M | 20 | 20 | 40 | |
| F | 28 | 28 | 56 | |
| Smoker | 0.22 | |||
| Current | 16 | 10 | 26 | |
| Former | 15 | 13 | 28 | |
| Never | 17 | 25 | 42 | |
| Waistline b | 0.67 | |||
| ≤ OMS cut-off | 35 | 39 | 74 | |
| > OMS cut-off | 8 | 7 | 15 | |
| BMI b | 0.13 | |||
| Normal | 17 | 24 | 41 | |
| Overweight | 26 | 17 | 43 | |
| Obesity | 3 | 6 | 9 | |
| School | 0.12 | |||
| Primary | 16 | 7 | 23 | |
| Secondary | 23 | 32 | 55 | |
| High | 9 | 9 | 18 | |
| Total | 48 | 48 | 96 | |
| Age (yrs.) mean (SD) | 55.1 (6.2) | 55.2 (6.2) | 55.1 (6.1) | 0.98 |
| Daily Consumption (g) | ||||
| Characteristic | Cases | Controls | Total | P-value a |
| Fruit intake | 258.3 (114.8) | 380.4 (192.6) | 319.4 (153.7) | 0.0003 |
| Vegetables | 160.9 (75.3) | 232.4 (117.6) | 196.7 (96.5) | 0.0006 |
| Red meat | 74.3 (49.4) | 67.1 (45.0) | 70.7 (47.2) | 0.46 |
| Alcohol | 22.8 (22.3) | 15.2 (16.5) | 19.0 (19.4) | 0.06 |
aP-values from chi-square or Mann–Whitney test, as appropriate.
bSome data are missing.
cCRC location according to ICD-O classification: Cecum, n = 4; Ascending colon, n = 6; Hepatic flexure colon, n = 1; Transverse colon, n = 0; Splenic flexure colon, n = 1; Descending colon, n = 4; Sigmoid colon, n = 15; Colon NOS, n = 5; Rectosigmoid junction, n = 5; Rectum, n = 7.