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. 2015 Feb 18;10(2):e0117959. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117959

Table 1. Endorsement of YFAS Symptoms in Study One and Two.

YFAS Symptom, Based on DSM-IV Criteria for Substance Dependence Study One (% of participants endorsing symptom) Study Two (% of participants endorsing symptom)
(1) Substance taken in larger amount and for longer period than intended 11.7% 15.1%
(2) Persistent desire or repeated unsuccessful attempt to quit 91.7% 91.7%
(3) Much time/activity to obtain, use, recover 23.3% 25.8%
(4) Important social, occupational, or recreational activities given up or reduced 7.5% 20.6%
(5) Use continues despite knowledge of adverse consequences (e.g. failure to fulfill role obligation, use when physically hazardous 15% 26%
(6) Tolerance (marked increase in amount; marked decrease in effect) 23.3% 33.9%
(7) Characteristic withdrawal symptoms; substance taken to relieve withdrawal 12.5% 24.5%
“Food addiction” diagnosis (Three or more symptoms plus clinically significant impairment or distress) 6.7% 10.2%