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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 22.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Health. 2015 Jan 22;63(2):126–133. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2014.990972

Table 2. Summary of violators and cigarette butt counts in four campus hotspots over time.

Location Average number of observed violators per Ambassador visit % change Number of cigarette butts (2-day total) % change


Wave 1b Spring 12 Wave 2c Spring 13 Spring 12 Spring 13
Hotspot A 3.25 0.22 -93.2% 37 43 +16.2%
Hotspot B 7.46 4.00 -46.4% 451 245 -45.7%
Hotspot C 2.85 0.29 -89.8% 81 47 -42.0%
Hotspot Da 2.00 493 358 -27.4%
Combined 5.47 1.93 -64.7% 1062 693 -34.7%
a

Ambassadors did not visit Hotspot D during Wave 2, so data from this site not included in combined analysis of observed violator rates

b

Wave 1 was April 16 - June 3, 2012

c

Wave 2 was April 16 - June 3, 2013