Table 1.
Participant characteristics (n, %) by quintiles of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) at baseline; Women’s Health Initiative, 1993–1998
| Characteristic | Q1 (−7.055, <− 3.136) (healthiest) n=30508 | Q2 (−3.136, <− 1.995) n=30507 | Q3 (−1.995, <− 0.300) n=30507 | Q4 (−0.300, 1.953) n=30506 | Q5 (1.953, 5.636) (least healthy) n=30508 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age categories, year | |||||
| 50–59 | 9242 (30.3) | 9276 (30.4) | 9960 (32.6) | 10628 (34.8) | 11584 (38.0) |
| 60–69 | 14147 (46.4) | 14024 (46.0) | 13672 (44.8) | 13607 (44.6) | 13194 (43.2) |
| 70+ | 7119 (23.3) | 7207 (23.6) | 6875 (22.6) | 6271 (20.6) | 5730 (18.8) |
| Body mass index/ kg/m2 | |||||
| Normal (<25) | 12973 (42.5) | 11378 (37.3) | 10635 (34.9) | 9795 (32.2) | 9095 (29.8) |
| Overweight (25 – <30) | 10368 (34.0) | 10638 (34.9) | 10710 (35.1) | 10780 (35.3) | 10752 (35.2) |
| Obesity (≥ 30) | 7167 (23.5) | 8491 (27.8) | 9162 (30.0) | 9931 (32.5) | 10661 (35.0) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 87 (0.3) | 89 (0.3) | 124 (0.4) | 141 (0.5) | 189 (0.6) |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 1332 (4.4) | 625 (2.1) | 658 (2.2) | 783 (2.6) | 522 (1.7) |
| African-American | 1358 (4.5) | 1783 (5.8) | 2313 (7.6) | 2867 (9.4) | 4644 (15.2) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 638 (2.1) | 785 (2.6) | 1140 (3.7) | 1319 (4.3) | 1918 (6.3) |
| European American | 26661 (87.4) | 26840 (88.0) | 25860 (84.8) | 24978 (82.0) | 22792 (74.7) |
| Other | 366 (1.1) | 320 (1.0) | 333 (1.1) | 345 (1.1) | 359 (1.2) |
| Missing | 66 (0.2) | 65 (0.2) | 79 (0.2) | 73 (0.2) | 84 (0.3) |
| Physical activity (PA) | |||||
| Not meeting PA recommendations | 13049 (42.8) | 16102 (52.8) | 17326 (56.8) | 17999 (59.0) | 20324 (66.6) |
| Meeting PA recommendations | 16601 (54.4) | 13321 (43.7) | 11817 (38.7) | 10819 (35.5) | 8378 (27.5) |
| Missing | 856 (2.8) | 1081 (3.5) | 1367 (4.5) | 1693 (5.5) | 1805 (5.9) |
| Educational level | |||||
| <High school | 738 (2.4) | 1141 (3.7) | 1472 (4.8) | 1723 (5.6) | 2579 (8.4) |
| Some high school/GED | 13922 (45.6) | 16358 (53.6) | 16968 (55.6) | 17166 (56.4) | 18755 (61.5) |
| At least some years of college | 15642 (51.3) | 12784 (42.0) | 11875 (39.0) | 11385 (37.2) | 8916 (29.2) |
| Missing | 206 (0.7) | 224 (0.7) | 192 (0.6) | 232 (0.8) | 258 (0.9) |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Never | 15128 (49.6) | 15415 (50.5) | 15618 (51.2) | 15414 (50.5) | 15234 (49.9) |
| Past | 13911 (45.6) | 13094 (43.0) | 12462 (40.8) | 12489 (40.9) | 11571 (37.9) |
| Current | 1101 (3.6) | 1680 (5.5) | 2068 (6.8) | 2224 (7.3) | 3323 (10.9) |
| Missing | 368 (1.2) | 318 (1.0) | 359 (1.2) | 379 (1.2) | 380 (1.3) |
| Family history of colorectal cancer | |||||
| No | 26590 (87.2) | 26418 (86.6) | 26525 (86.9) | 26471 (86.8) | 26444 (86.7) |
| Yes | 2369 (7.8) | 2525 (8.3) | 2412 (7.9) | 2389 (7.8) | 2286 (7.5) |
| Missing | 1549 (5.0) | 1564 (5.1) | 1570 (5.2) | 1646 (5.4) | 1778 (5.8) |
| NSAID use | |||||
| No | 12988 (42.6) | 12302 (40.3) | 13090 (42.9) | 13803 (45.3) | 14597 (47.8) |
| Yes | 17520 (57.4) | 18205 (59.7) | 17417 (57.1) | 16703 (54.7) | 15911 (52.2) |