TABLE 2.

Factors associated with HIVDR or Possible HIVDR at 12 months

Factors	n	OR (95 CI)	p-value
Site	302
Katutura State Hospital (reference)		Ref
Oshakati Hospital		1 (0.5, 1.9)	0.99
Rundu Hospital		0.7 (0.4, 1.4)	0.30
Female	302	1.1 (0.6, 1.9)	0.86
Age	302	0.98 (0.96, .01)	0.17
CD4 cell count Baseline	297
CD4 <200 cells/mL (reference)		Ref
CD4 200–350 cells/mL		0.9 (0.5, 1.6)	0.80
CD4 >351 cells/mL		1.1 (0.3, 3.8)	0.84
WHO stage at baseline	301
1 (reference)		Ref
2		1.1 (0.6, 2.2)	0.75
3		2.1 (1.0, 4.4)	0.038
4		2.2 (0.8, 6.3)	0.14
WHO stage 3 or 4 at baseline	301	2.0 (1.2, 3.5)	0.012
Baseline ART Regimens
EFV based vs NVP based (reference)	301	1.3 (0.7, 2.4)	0.40
TDF based (reference)	301	Ref
ZDV based		1.6 (0.7, 3.5)	0.25
d4T based		1.5 (0.6, 4.1)	0.40
Baseline NNRTI drug resistance	295	3.0 (1.2, 7.7)	0.023
PMTCT exposure (women only)	219	0.5 (0.2, 1.2)	0.12
Previous ARV exposure	302	0.9 (0.2, 4.2)	0.85
Prior ARV or PMTCT exposure	302	0.6 (0.3, 1.3)	0.20
MPR continuous	289	0.95 (0.92, 0.98)	0.003
MPR groups	289
<0.80		3.3 (1.1, 10.0)	0.036
0.80–0.94		1.6 (0.8, 3.0)	0.19
≥0.95 (reference)		Ref.	--
MPR <75	289	4.9 (1.3, 18.8)	0.021
MPR <95	289	1.8 (1.0, 3.3)	0.054

ART=antiretroviral therapy

ARV=antiretroviral

NVP=nevirapine; EFV=efavirenz, TDF=tenofovir; ZDV=zidovudine; d4T=stavudine

NNRTI=non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

MPR=medication possession ratio

PMTCT=prevention of mother to child transmission

HIVDR=HIV drug resistance