Table 1.
Mitophagy regulators and cardiac phenotypes
Model | Mitophagy | Phenotype | Ref |
---|---|---|---|
Parkin−/− | Decreased | Increased sensitivity to MI and doxorubicin exposure, accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, and oxidative damage with age, reduced life span | [6, 8, 78] |
Parkin TG | Increased | Increased life span, preserved cardiac function with aging | [6, 97] |
PINK1−/− | Not assessed | Mitochondrial dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, increased sensitivity to I/R | [7, 90] |
BNIP3−/− | Not assessed | Decreased apoptosis and cardiac remodeling in response to I/R | [93] |
BNIP3 TG | Not assessed | Increased sensitivity to MI, increased apoptosis | [93] |
NIX−/− | Not assessed | Decreased cardiac remodeling and preserved cardiac function in response to pressure overload | [92] |
NIX TG | Not assessed | Ventricular dilation, reduced cardiac function | [95] |
BNIP3−/− Nix−/− |
Not assessed | Accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, development of cardiac hypertrophy, decreased cardiac function | [82] |