Table 1.

Mitophagy regulators and cardiac phenotypes

Model	Mitophagy	Phenotype	Ref
Parkin−/−	Decreased	Increased sensitivity to MI and doxorubicin exposure, accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, and oxidative damage with age, reduced life span	[6, 8, 78]
Parkin TG	Increased	Increased life span, preserved cardiac function with aging	[6, 97]
PINK1−/−	Not assessed	Mitochondrial dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, increased sensitivity to I/R	[7, 90]
BNIP3−/−	Not assessed	Decreased apoptosis and cardiac remodeling in response to I/R	[93]
BNIP3 TG	Not assessed	Increased sensitivity to MI, increased apoptosis	[93]
NIX−/−	Not assessed	Decreased cardiac remodeling and preserved cardiac function in response to pressure overload	[92]
NIX TG	Not assessed	Ventricular dilation, reduced cardiac function	[95]
BNIP3−/− Nix−/−	Not assessed	Accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, development of cardiac hypertrophy, decreased cardiac function	[82]