Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics (Case vs. Control)
| Baseline Characteristic | Case* (N=273) |
Control (N=273) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age | 67.0 (58.0, 76.0) | 62.0 (55.0, 70.0) | <0.001 |
| Female | 88 (32.2) | 88 (32.2) | 1.00 |
| White | 200 (73.3) | 201 (73.6) | 0.923 |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Height (cm) | 173.0 (165.0, 180.0) | 173.0 (168.0, 180.0) | 0.040 |
| Weight (kg) | 80.0 (70.0, 92.0) | 89.0 (75.0, 104.0) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.5 (24.2, 30.4) | 28.7 (25.3, 33.1) | 0.001 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 73.0 (62.0, 84.0) | 69.0 (60.0, 77.0) | 0.004 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 144.0 (125.0, 163.0) | 147.0 (134.0, 162.0) | 0.073 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 81.0 (70.0, 89.0) | 84.0 (74.0, 94.0) | 0.002 |
| ECG characteristics | |||
| Rhythm | |||
| Normal sinus rhythm | 199 (72.9) | 240 (87.9) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 25 (9.2) | 8 (2.9) | 0.002 |
| Other rhythm | 30 (11.0) | 16 (5.9) | 0.031 |
| Left bundle branch block | 5 (1.8) | 4 (1.5) | 1.00 |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy | 53 (19.4) | 42 (15.4) | 0.214 |
| QRS duration (ms) | 95.0 (86.0, 117.0) | 92.0 (84.0, 101.0) | 0.001 |
| QT interval (ms) | 435.0 (412.0, 460.0) | 422.0 (401.0, 446.0) | <0.001 |
| ST-segment elevation | 17 (6.2) | 12 (4.4) | 0.340 |
| ST-segment depression | 26 (9.5) | 13 (4.8) | 0.031 |
| T-wave inversion | 47 (17.2) | 40 (14.7) | 0.413 |
| Non-specific ST-T wave changes | 78 (28.6) | 65 (23.8) | 0.206 |
| Q waves | 68 (24.9) | 46 (16.8) | 0.021 |
| Medical history | |||
| Diabetes | 108 (39.6) | 77 (28.2) | 0.005 |
| Hypertension | 192 (70.3) | 193 (70.7) | 0.925 |
| Dyslipidemia | 163 (59.7) | 165 (60.4) | 0.861 |
| Smoking | 148 (54.2) | 120 (44.0) | 0.017 |
| Family history of coronary disease | 112 (41.0) | 73 (26.7) | <0.001 |
| Prior MI | 124 (45.4) | 68 (24.9) | <0.001 |
| Prior PCI | 83 (30.4) | 67 (24.5) | 0.125 |
| Prior CABG | 88 (32.2) | 59 (21.6) | 0.005 |
| Prior CVD | 33 (12.1) | 27 (9.9) | 0.412 |
| Prior PVD | 46 (16.8) | 15 (5.5) | <0.001 |
| Carotid bruits | 22 (8.1) | 8 (2.9) | 0.009 |
| Valvular disease | 16 (5.9) | 7 (2.6) | 0.055 |
| Angina frequency (episode/week) | 2.0 (0.0, 5.0) | 3.0 (0.0, 5.0) | 0.639 |
| Angina during sleep | 23 (8.4) | 17 (6.2) | 0.324 |
| History of heart failure | 119 (43.8) | 63 (23.5) | <0.001 |
| Charlson index | 0.0 (0.0, 1.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | <0.001 |
| NYHA class | <0.001 | ||
| 0 | 163 (59.7) | 223 (81.7) | |
| I | 10 (3.7) | 5 (1.8) | |
| II | 42 (15.4) | 27 (9.9) | |
| III | 47 (17.2) | 14 (5.1) | |
| IV | 11 (4.0) | 4 (1.5) | |
| Renal disease | 17 (6.2) | 13 (4.8) | 0.453 |
| Clinical presentation | <0.001 | ||
| Acute MI | 57 (20.9) | 26 (9.5) | |
| Outpatient | 122 (44.7) | 180 (65.9) | |
| Other | 94 (34.4) | 67 (24.5) | |
| Laboratories | |||
| BUN (mg/dL) | 20.0 (14.0, 28.0) | 18.0 (14.0, 23.0) | 0.002 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.4) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | <0.001 |
| Estimated CrCl (Cockroft-Gault) (mL/min) | 67.7 (48.1, 94.4) | 87.0 (68.4, 112.2) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (mg/dL) | 12.8 (11.2, 14.0) | 13.7 (12.5, 14.8) | <0.001 |
| RDW (%) | 14.4 (13.4, 15.5) | 13.4 (12.9, 14.1) | <0.001 |
| WBC (# cells/mL) | 7.4 (6.0, 9.2) | 7.0 (5.7, 8.4) | 0.009 |
| Sodium (mEg/L) | 139.0 (137.0, 141.0) | 140.0 (139.0, 142.0) | <0.001 |
| Potassium (mEg/L) | 4.2 (3.9, 4.5) | 4.1 (3.9, 4.5) | 0.611 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 106.0 (92.0, 142.0) | 107.0 (92.0, 128.5) | 0.915 |
| Angiographic characteristics | |||
| Duke index | 45.0 (31.0, 77.0) | 31.0 (20.0, 52.0) | <0.001 |
| Number of diseased vessels | <0.001 | ||
| 0 | 62 (22.7) | 88 (32.1) | |
| 1 | 48 (17.6) | 74 (27.1) | |
| 2 | 52 (19.0) | 45 (16.5) | |
| 3 | 93 (34.1) | 59 (21.6) | |
| LV ejection fraction | 52.8 (38.0, 60.0) | 57.6 (52.2, 65.9) | <0.001 |
| Mitral regurgitation | 25 (13.8) | 14 (6.7) | 0.020 |
*
Case refers to patient with a death/MI event.
Data are presented as median (Q1, Q3) for continuous variables and as N (%) for categorical variables.
BUN - blood urea nitrogen; CABG - coronary artery bypass graft; CrCl - creatinine clearance; CVD - cardiovascular disease; ECG - electrocardiogram; LV - left ventricular; MI - myocardial infarction; NYHA - New York Heart Association; PCI - percutaneous coronary intervention; PVD - peripheral vascular disease; RDW - red cell distribution width; WBC - white blood cell