Table 4.

Biomarkers Associated with Death in Elastic Net Models 1 and 2

	Model 1		Model 2*
	% of 500 bootstrapped samples selected	OR†	% of 500 bootstrapped samples selected	OR†
NT-proBNP	100	1.20	–‡	–
MMP-3	91.6	1.21	80.4	1.38
IL-6	90.4	1.16	79.8	1.30
IGFBP2	90.0	1.16	–	–
D-Dimer	85.0	1.22	–	–
VCAM-1	82.0	1.33	–	–
GDF-15	78.4	1.07	–	–
ICAM-1	77.2	1.68	–	–
sCD40L	76.4	1.12	74.9	1.10

^*Model 2 was constrained to retain the following clinical variables predictive of death: age, sex, weight, blood pressure, heart rate, smoking history, diabetes, presence of chest pain at presentation, New York Heart Association class, ejection fraction, atrial fibrillation, left bundle branch block, left ventricular hypertrophy, corrected QT interval, red cell distribution width, serum sodium, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, hemoglobin, white blood cell count, Duke coronary artery disease index, and Charlson comorbidity index.

^†Odds ratios calculated after variable selection to provide insight into direction of effect, not magnitude.

^‡Indicates protein selected in <70% of bootstrapped samples for the respective model.

GDF-15 - growth differentiation factor-15; ICAM-1 - intercellular adhesion molecule-1; IGFBP2 - insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2; IL-6 - interleukin-6; MI, myocardial infarction; MMP-3 - matrix metalloproteinase-3; NT-proBNP - N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; OR - odds ratio; sCD40L - soluble CD40 ligand; VCAM-1 - vascular cell adhesion molecule-1