Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies for miscarriage (a) and miscarriage with perinatal loss/stillbirth/neonatal death (b).
| Authors year, country, and author listing in reference list | Methods | Reproductive loss, Participants, and control for Prereproductive loss | Outcomes measurements | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (a) Characteristics of included studies for miscarriage | ||||
|
| ||||
| (28) Alderman et al. (1998), USA [83] | R | Miscarriage 19 couples Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically not controlled |
IES |
|
|
| ||||
| (29) Bowles et al. (2006), USA [84] | P, L | Miscarriage 25 Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically not controlled |
Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale |
|
|
| ||||
| (30) Engelhard et al. (2003a), The Netherlands [54] Note. This study was chosen over [33–37] because of the largest number of reported participants/reported the most data. |
P, L | Miscarriage 118 Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically controlled |
Posttraumatic Symptom Scale |
|
|
| ||||
| (31) Johnson and Puddifoot (1996), UK [85] | P | Miscarriage 126 men Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically not controlled |
IES |
|
|
| ||||
| (32) Lee et al. (1996), UK [86] | P, I | Miscarriage 39 Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically controlled |
IES |
|
|
| ||||
| (33) Rowsell et al. (2001), UK [87] | P, I | Miscarriage 37 Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically not controlled |
IES |
|
|
| ||||
| (34) Séjourné et al. (2010), France [88] | P, I | Miscarriage 134 Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically not controlled for PTS |
IES-R |
|
|
| ||||
| (35) Serrano and Lima (2006), Portugal [89] | R | Miscarriage 30 women and 30 men Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically not controlled |
IES |
|
|
| ||||
| (36) Sham et al. (2010), Hong Kong [90] | P, L | Miscarriage 161 Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically controlled |
Structural clinical interview for DSM-IV |
|
|
| ||||
| (37) Walker and Davidson (2001), UK [91] | P | Miscarriage 40 Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically controlled |
IES |
|
|
| ||||
| (b) Miscarriage and perinatal/stillbirth/neonatal death | ||||
|
| ||||
| (38) Armstrong (2004), USA [92] | P | Miscarriage and Perinatal loss 40 expectant couples Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically not controlled |
IES |
|
|
| ||||
| (39) Forray et al. (2009), USA [93] | P | Miscarriage; perinatal loss/neonatal loss/other complications 76 pregnant women, of which 18 underwent interviews Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically not controlled |
(Modified Clinical administered PTSD Scale (m-CAPS)) |
|
|
| ||||
| (40) Jind (2001), Denmark [94] | R | Miscarriage/perinatal, stillbirth, and neonatal death/infant loss 602 parents Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically not controlled |
IES, Harvard trauma Questionnaire |
|
|
| ||||
| (41) Jind (2003), Denmark [95] | P, L | Miscarriage, perinatal loss, stillbirth, and neonatal death/infant loss; 93 parents at the first measurement, 65 parents at the second measurement Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically not controlled |
The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire |
|
|
| ||||
| (42) O‘leary (2005), USA [96] | Q | Miscarriage, perinatal loss, stillbirth and infant loss; 12 expecting mothers and 9 expecting fathers | Qualitative Interviews. |
|