Table 1. Definitions and summary statistics of regression variables (N = 2,200).
| Variable | Definition and measurement | % |
|---|---|---|
| Happiness | If the respondent self-reports as happy (= 1) | 0.87 |
| Social exclusion domains | ||
| Medical benefits | ||
| no need | If the respondent has no need for any medical benefit (= 1), e.g., medical care, health check, health counseling, National Health Insurance subsidies for indigenous peoples, etc. | 0.23 |
| not excluded | If the respondent needs and receives medical benefits (= 1) | 0.47 |
| excluded | If the respondent could not receive needed medical benefits (= 1) | 0.30 |
| Housing benefits | ||
| no need | If the respondent has no need for housing benefits (= 1), e.g.,house repair subsidy, rent subsidy, housing concessionary loan, etc. | 0.24 |
| not excluded | If the respondent needs and receives housing benefits (= 1) | 0.23 |
| excluded | If the respondent could not receive needed housing benefits (= 1) | 0.53 |
| Child and youth benefits | ||
| no need | If the respondent has no need for child & youth benefits (= 1), e.g., child care allowance, free lunch for low-income students, etc. | 0.31 |
| not excluded | If the respondent needs and receives child & youth benefits (= 1) | 0.28 |
| excluded | If the respondent could not receive needed child & youth benefits (= 1) | 0.41 |
| Senior benefits | ||
| no need | If the respondent has no need for senior benefits (= 1), e.g., elderly home care, meal delivery, old-age welfare living allowance, etc. | 0.45 |
| not excluded | If the respondent needs and receives senior benefits (= 1) | 0.15 |
| excluded | If the respondent could not receive needed senior benefits (= 1) | 0.40 |
| Unemployment benefits | ||
| no need | If the respondent has no need for unemployment benefits (= 1), e.g., unemployment subsidy, employment assistance, vocational training etc. | 0.62 |
| not excluded | If the respondent needs and receives unemployment benefits (= 1) | 0.12 |
| excluded | If the respondent could not receive needed unemployment benefits (= 1) | 0.26 |
| Financial assistances | ||
| no need | If the respondent has no need for financial assistance (= 1), e.g., aid for emergency for Indigenous Peoples, emergency assistance for livelihood, living support for low-income family, etc. | 0.38 |
| not excluded | If the respondent needs and receives financial assistance (= 1) | 0.06 |
| excluded | If the respondent could not receive needed financial assistance (= 1) | 0.56 |
| Socio-demographic characteristics | ||
| Gender | If the respondent is male (= 1) | 0.44 |
| Age (42.33±12.26) | If the respondent’s age is under 55 years (= 1) | 0.84 |
| Educational level | ||
| Elementary or lower | If graduated from elementary school or uneducated (= 1) | 0.27 a |
| Junior high school | If graduated from junior high school (= 1) | 0.22 |
| Senior high school | If graduated from senior high school (= 1) | 0.13 |
| Vocational school | If t graduated from vocational school (= 1) | 0.20 |
| College or higher | If graduated from college or higher (= 1) | 0.18 |
| Health status | ||
| Physical health | If the respondent self-reports as healthy (= 1) | 0.45 |
| Mental health problem | If the respondent experienced any mental health problem recently, e.g. anxiety, or mood disorders (yes = 1) | 0.77 |
| Other external factors | ||
| Household income | Average monthly income per household (NT$ 10,000) | 4.20±3.30 |
| Religion | ||
| Protestant | If the respondent is a Protestant (= 1) | 0.41 |
| Catholic | If the respondent is a Catholic (= 1) | 0.24 |
| Buddhist or others | If the respondent is a Buddhist or other believer (= 1) | 0.35 |
| Geographic region | ||
| Remote mountain area | If the respondent lives in remote mountain area (= 1) | 0.14 |
| Highlands area | If the respondent lives in highlands area (= 1) | 0.39 |
| Plains area | If the respondent lives in plains area (= 1) | 0.47 |
aSince each educational category is coded as a dummy variable, the value "0.27" means that 27% of respondents have graduated from elementary school or are uneducated.