Table 1.
Clinical trials using virus-like particles (VLPs) and CG motifs (CpGs) [41]
| Vaccine | Treatment arms | Patients and disease | Study design | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qβ VLP coupled to Der p 1-derived peptide (Qβ-Der p 1). Note that this VLP was loaded with E. coli RNA |
i.m. 50 μg Qβ-Der p 1 (n = 6), s.c. 50 μg Qβ-Der p 1 (n = 6), i.m. 10 μg Qβ-Der p 1 (n = 6), s.c. 10 μg Qβ-Der p 1 (n = 6) |
24 volunteers; healthy | Randomized, monocentric, open-label | [39•] |
| Amb a 1 conjugated to type B CpG-ODN | Verum (n = 14), placebo (n = 11) | 25 patients; allergic to ragweed; rhinitis | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled | [38••] |
| Qβ VLP filled with type A CpG-ODN (QbG10) + HDM extract | QbG10 + HDM allergen (n = 20) | 20 patients; allergic to HDM; rhinoconjunctivitis | Randomized, monocentric, open-label | [71] |
| Qβ VLP filled with type A CpG-ODN (QbG10) | 0.5 mg QbG10 (n = 99), 1 mg QbG10 (n = 103), placebo (n = 97) | 299 patients; allergic to HDM; rhinoconjunctivitis | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled | [42••] |
HDM house dust mite, i.m. intramuscular, ODN oligodeoxynucleotide, s.c. subcutaneous