Table 3.

Body mass index (BMI) change in the four behavior change technique (BCT) user groups (mean (SD), with the group that used the BCT for both behaviors as the reference group) (analysis of covariance)

	Nonusers	Used for PA only	Used for diet only	Used for both (ref)
Goal setting	n = 13	n = 13	n = 21	n = 167
M BMI change (SD)	0.49 (0.97)*	0.23 (1.24)	0.08 (1.50)*	−0.88 (2.13)
Action planning	n = 28	n = 14	n = 25	n = 146
M BMI change (SD)	0.17 (1.43)*	−0.08 (1.18)	−0.63 (1.61)	−0.87 (2.20)
Prompt use	n = 61	n = 10	n = 21	n = 120
M BMI change (SD)	−0.61 (1.65)	−0.42 (1.19)	−0.24 (1.59)	−0.79 (2.29)
Motivating	n = 22	n = 9	n = 18	n = 162
M BMI change (SD)	0.38 (1.40)*	−0.66 (1.40)	−0.19 (1.26)	−0.85 (2.16)
Social support	n = 46	n = 10	n = 32	n = 124
M BMI change (SD)	−0.01 (1.66)**	−0.63 (2.11)	−0.03 (1.45)*	−1.03 (2.20)
Self-monitoring	n = 46	n = 22	n = 15	n = 130
M BMI change (SD)	0.02 (1.53)*	−0.65 (2.25)	−0.26 (0.90)	−0.92 (2.19)
Goal review	n = 51	n = 14	n = 15	n = 134
M BMI change (SD)	−0.06 (1.43)*	0.47 (1.75)*	−0.67 (1.33)	−0.98 (2.22)
Preparing for/dealing with setbacks	n = 56	n = 14	n = 26	n = 118
M BMI change (SD)	0.06 (1.58)*	−0.84 (1.91)	−0.62 (1.27)	−0.96 (2.28)

*p < .05; **p < .01 (significant differences in BMI change compared to the reference group (those who used the BCT for both behaviors))