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. 2015 Feb 12;11:4. doi: 10.1186/s12990-015-0001-x

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© Watanabe et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Influence of opioid receptor antagonists on the effect of microcone touch. Averages of changes in heart rate (HR) response to heat stimulation (A, C, E) and basal HR (B, D, F) before, during, and after touch in rats injected with naloxone, CTOP, and naltrindole, respectively. The influence of i.t.-injected drugs on the effect of touch on heat-induced HR response and basal HR was examined using a 3 × 4 mixed model ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test; “conditions” (pre-touch, during touch, and post-touch) as the within-subject factor and “drugs” (saline, naloxone, CTOP, and naltrindole) as the between-subject factor. The analysis shows that a significant interaction was observed in HR response (p = 0.02), but not basal HR (p = 0.20). See Figure 3 for further details.