Table 2.
Hierarchical multiple regression analyses of relationship between child food neophobia and fruit variety, vegetable variety, discretionary food intake and weight (child age M = 24.0 ± SD = 0.7 months; n = 330), controlling for significant covariates
| Fruit variety score a | Vegetable variety score b | Percent energy from discretionary foods c | BMI Z-score d | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | 4.2 ± 2.1 | 4.9 ± 2.9 | 18.4 ± 10.2 | 0.8 ± 1.0 | ||||
| B (SE) | β | B (SE) | β | B (SE) | β | B (SE) | β | |
| Step 1 | ΔR2 = 0.093** | ΔR2 = 0.046* | ΔR2 = 0.041* | ΔR2 = 0.16** | ||||
| Maternal age at delivery | 0.073 (0.024) | 0.17* | 0.12 (0.033) | 0.21** | −0.23 (0.12) | −0.107 | −0.021 (0.012) | −0.099 |
| Maternal BMI at T1 | −0.026 (0.019) | −0.071 | −0.017 (0.026) | −0.034 | 0.079 (0.10) | 0.045 | 0.024 (0.0090) | 0.14* |
| Maternal education (not university vs university) | 0.88 (0.23) | 0.21** | 0.59 (0.31) | 0.10 | −0.89 (1.16) | −0.043 | 0.027 (0.11) | 0.013 |
| Other children (no vs yes) | −0.52 (0.25) | −0.12* | −0.59 (0.34) | −0.097 | 3.60 (1.25) | 0.17* | −0.077 (0.12) | −0.035 |
| Infant weight-for-age Z-scoree | −0.071 (0.11) | −0.034 | −0.047 (0.15) | −0.016 | 0.72 (0.56) | 0.070 | 0.35 (0.054) | 0.34** |
| Step 2 | ΔR2 = 0.025* | ΔR2 = 0.082** | ΔR2 = 0.013* | ΔR2 = 0.004 | ||||
| Total CFNS scoref | −0.092 (0.030) | −0.16* | −0.23 (0.041) | −0.29** | 0.32 (0.15) | 0.11* | −0.017 (.015) | −0.061 |
| Final model | R2 = 0.12** | R2 = 0.13** | R2 = 0.054* | R2 = 0.17** | ||||
*p ≤ 0.05; **p < 0.001; B = unstandardized regression coefficient, β = standardized regression coefficient (values are from the final model).
aNumber of different fruit subgroups eaten over three days (30 fruit sub-groups in total).
bNumber of different vegetable subgroups eaten over three days (35 vegetable sub-groups in total).
cAverage energy contributed by discretionary foods as a percentage of average daily energy intake over three days
dCalculated at child age M = 24.0, SD = 0.7 months using WHO Anthro software program version 3.0.1 and macros [33].
eCalculated at child ageM = 5.2, SD = 1.3 months using WHO Anthro software program version 3.0.1 and macros [33].
fTotal score on Child Food Neophobia Scale [29], 6 items, 4 point scale, higher scores indicative of stronger behavioural display of neophobia; reported by mother at child age M = 24.0, SD = 0.7 months.