Figure 3.

Andro decreased HIF-1 target protein VEGF and its mRNA expression.

Notes: MDA-MB-231cells were treated with Andro and then incubated in a hypoxia chamber (1% O₂) for 16 hours. The total RNAs were extracted, and VEGF mRNA levels were analyzed by qPCR (A). The VEGF amount in the conditioned medium was determined by ELISA (B). Data are shown as means ± SD from one representative experiment performed in triplicate. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, and ***P<0.001compared with hypoxia group (1% O₂).

Abbreviations: Andro, Andrographolide; HIF-1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1; SD, standard deviation; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; mRNA, messenger RNA; qPCR, real-time polymerase chain reaction.