Table 2.
Means and standard deviations of forefoot (FFW), midfoot (MFW) and rearfoot widths (RFW) normalized by children’s height (%), Chippaux-Smirak Index (CSI) and Staheli’s Index (SI) of the Brazilian and German populations
| Age groups | FFW (%) | MFW (%) | RFW (%) | CSI | SI | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brazil | Germany | Brazil | Germany | Brazil | Germany | Brazil | Germany | Brazil | Germany | |
| 3 | 5.89 (0.42) | 5.84 (0.35) | 2.85 (0.95) | 2.72 (0.98) | 3.36 (0.30) | 3.27 (0.26) | 48.8 (16.0) | 46.4 (16.1) | 0.83 (0.24) | 0.84 (0.28) |
| 4 | 5.76 (0.47) | 5.84 (0.36) | 2.80 (1.05)* | 2.44 (0.93) | 3.38 (0.27)* | 3.13 (0.28) | 48.4 (17.5)* | 41.5 (15.0) | 0.81 (0.28) | 0.78 (0.29) |
| 5 | 5.53 (0.46) | 5.86 (0.32)* | 2.19 (1.10) | 2.28 (0.83) | 3.13 (0.29) | 3.15 (0.23) | 39.2 (20.2) | 38.0 (12.9) | 0.68 (0.32) | 0.72 (0.25) |
| 6 | 5.61 (0.32) | 5.77 (0.35)* | 2.08 (1.02) | 2.06 (0.82) | 3.13 (0.27) | 3.13 (0.21) | 37.6 (19.0) | 35.3 (13.3) | 0.66 (0.31) | 0.65 (0.26) |
| 7 and 8 | 5.47 (0.43) | 5.67 (0.35)* | 1.77 (0.85) | 1.70 (0.90) | 3.09 (0.29) | 3.03 (0.21) | 32.1 (14.5) | 29.6 (15.4) | 0.57 (0.25) | 0.55 (0.29) |
| 9 | 5.46 (0.36) | 5.67 (0.41)* | 1.65 (0.96) | 1.73 (0.88) | 3.03 (0.28) | 3.01 (0.27) | 30.4 (17.0) | 30.1 (15.0) | 0.54 (0.29) | 0.57 (0.29) |
| 10 | 5.47 (0.32) | 5.60 (0.37) | 1.41 (0.74) | 1.68 (0.83) | 2.94 (0.32) | 2.95 (0.24) | 26.0 (13.4) | 29.2 (14.9) | 0.46 (0.23) | 0.55 (0.28) |
*Statistically higher values between German and Brazilian databases [t-test (parametric data) or Mann-Whitney test (non-parametric data), p < 0.05].