Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized with Infective Endocarditis in Medicare Fee-for-Service, 1999 to 2010.
| 1999-2000 | 2001-2002 | 2003-2004 | 2005-2006 | 2007-2008 | 2009-2010 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with Endocarditis (no.) | 38,671 | 43,795 | 47,820 | 47,860 | 44,761 | 39,751 |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (mean, SD) (years) | 79.4 ( 8.0) | 79.3 ( 8.0) | 79.2 ( 8.2) | 79.2 ( 8.3) | 79.4 ( 8.6) | 79.2 ( 8.8) |
| Female (%) | 58.8 | 58.8 | 58.1 | 57.7 | 56.9 | 55.7 |
| Race | ||||||
| White (%) | 87.1 | 87.1 | 86.5 | 86.6 | 86.3 | 85.7 |
| Black (%) | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.7 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 10.0 |
| Other (%) | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 4.2 |
| CV Risk Factors and History | ||||||
| Hypertension (%) | 48.2 | 52.7 | 54.7 | 54.8 | 59.1 | 58.9 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 25.8 | 27.3 | 28.6 | 29.1 | 28.8 | 29.7 |
| History of: | ||||||
| Atherosclerotic disease (%) | 41.6 | 43.2 | 43.6 | 42.8 | 41.8 | 40.3 |
| Myocardial infarction (%) | 4.5 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.8 |
| Unstable angina (%) | 4.9 | 4.6 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 2.7 |
| Peripheral vascular disease (%) | 10.2 | 10.8 | 11.6 | 11.7 | 12.5 | 12.4 |
| Heart failure (%) | 32.4 | 32.9 | 34.1 | 34.2 | 33.9 | 34.1 |
| Stroke (%) | 4.0 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 4.1 |
| CVD other than stroke (%) | 7.1 | 7.3 | 6.8 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 5.7 |
| History of Other Clinical | ||||||
| Conditions/Comorbidities | ||||||
| Cancer (%) | 11.6 | 11.7 | 11.8 | 11.3 | 11.8 | 11.8 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (%) | 25.3 | 27.0 | 28.4 | 29.7 | 28.0 | 24.5 |
| Pneumonia (%) | 17.3 | 18.3 | 19.4 | 20.6 | 23.3 | 25.7 |
| Respiratory failure (%) | 5.6 | 6.0 | 6.7 | 8.1 | 11.3 | 12.3 |
| Renal failure (%) | 11.4 | 13.4 | 15.9 | 20.0 | 25.2 | 29.2 |
| Liver disease (%) | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 |
| Malnutrition (%) | 7.4 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 8.8 | 11.3 | 14.1 |
| Depression (%) | 6.1 | 7.1 | 7.9 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 6.8 |
| Other psychiatric disorder | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 3.2 |
| Dementia (%) | 10.9 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.9 | 12.8 | 13.2 |
| Functional disability (%) | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 4.7 |
| Trauma (%) | 9.0 | 10.0 | 10.9 | 10.8 | 11.2 | 10.6 |
CVD, cerebrovascular disease; SD, standard deviation of the mean