Figure 5. Histopathologic, clinical, and serologic features of the cohort.

(A) Histopathologic features and clinical and serologic outcomes of the cohort segregated based on whether the biopsy showed aquaporin-4 (AQP4) loss or increase in regions of active demyelination. (B) Clinical features of the cohort show the type and frequency of exacerbations (i.e., unilateral or bilateral optic neuritis [ON], transverse myelitis [TM], intractable nausea/vomiting [N/V], or brain syndrome) relative to the timing of either spinal cord or brain biopsy of the neuromyelitis optica (NMO)/NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSD) cohort. Patient 1 was known to have multiple relapses of optic neuritis but the exact timing of these attacks was unknown and therefore represented with dashed lines. GFAP = glial fibrillary acid protein; LETM = longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis; PPWM = periplaque white matter; RRMS = relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Used with permission of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. All rights reserved.