Backscattered (BSD) images and the composition of the enamel in late maturation-stage for different experimental groups measured by electron probe X-ray microanalysis (means and standard deviation). Late maturation enamel from wild-type (a), fluorotic wild-type (b), AmelX-/- (c) and fluorotic AmelX-/- (d) mandibular incisors. Disruption of amelogenin gene significantly reduced the enamel thickness (c, d). The white arrows in (b) show the hypermineralized lines in the superficial and deep fluorotic enamel layers. The white arrow in (d) shows the heterogeneous surface of the fluorotic AmelX-/- enamel. To highlight the changes in the enamel layer, the BSD images are presented with different dentin “densities.” CaO (e), fluoride (f), chlorine (g) and SO3 (h). ***P < 0.001; **0.001 < P <0.01; *0.01 < P < 0.05. WT, wild-type mice; WT+F: wild-type mice exposed to fluoride; AKO, AmelX-/- mice; AKO+F, AmelX-/- mice exposed to fluoride.