Table 1.
Cytokine and Chemokine Levels in Sera
| GF aspiration (pg/ml) | GF aspiration + cromolyn-treated (pg/ml) | Control (pg/ml) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1α | 3.91 ± 0.16 | 3.87 ± 0.21 | 3.06 ± 0.21 | 0.0072b,c |
| IL-1β | 14.11 ± 1.00 | 12.84 ± 1.18 | 9.56 ± 1.26 | 0.0250b |
| IL-2 | 2.56 ± 0.32 | 1.97 ± 0.50 | 1.71 ± 0.60 | 0.3919 |
| IL-4 | 5.47 ± 0.28 | 5.40 ± 0.34 | 4.46 ± 0.42 | 0.0898 |
| IL-5 | 58.29 ± 1.01 | 56.64 ± 1.33 | 50.32 ± 2.73 | 0.0066b |
| IL-6 | 139.0 ± 11.5 | 144.8 ± 9.4 | 120.3 ± 11.7 | 0.3334 |
| IL-10 | 46.49 ± 1.25 | 47.23 ± 2.14 | 40.28 ± 2.54 | 0.0380 |
| IL-13 | 3.95 ± 0.28 | 3.60 ± 0.33 | 2.63 ± 0.45 | 0.0334b |
| IL-12 (p40) | 66.45 ± 3.29 | 53.55 ± 2.32 | 46.92 ± 5.31 | 0.0025b |
| IL-12 (p70) | 52.63 ± 1.91 | 51.84 ± 2.47 | 40.45 ± 2.97 | 0.0022b,c |
| IL-17A | 21.91 ± 0.68 | 21.83 ± 0.77 | 18.24 ± 1.10 | 0.0106b |
| β-NGF | 40.23 ± 1.86 | 37.17 ± 4.08 | 35.32 ± 3.18 | 0.4742 |
| Eotaxin/CCL11 | 141.0 ± 1.7 | 149.4 ± 9.0 | 131.5 ± 8.9 | 0.2044 |
| G-CSF/CSF-3 | 6.74 ± 0.22 | 6.58 ± 0.45 | 5.38 ± 0.39 | 0.0188b |
| GM-CSF | 3.36 ± 0.40 | 2.73 ± 0.60 | 2.03 ± 0.52 | 0.1663 |
| Gro-α/CXCL1 | 160.0 ± 4.6 | 158.1 ± 7.8 | 134.2 ± 8.8 | 0.0247b |
| ICAM | 243.2 ± 15.8 | 294.6 ± 24.6 | 249.8 ± 34.6 | 0.2949 |
| IFN-γ | 7.56 ± 0.28 | 7.99 ± 0.42 | 6.05 ± 0.57 | 0.0089b,c |
| IP-10/CXCL10 | 34.92 ± 1.27 | 35.33 ± 1.32 | 29.32 ± 1.45 | 0.0087b,c |
| Leptin | 0.692 ± 0.422 | 0.031 ± 0.031 | 1.96 ± 0.82 | 0.0543 |
| MCP-1/CCL2 | 82.56 ± 2.24 | 98.89 ± 8.46 | 85.94 ± 5.69 | 0.0985 |
| MCP-3/CCL7 | 98.29 ± 3.04 | 117.7 ± 7.9 | 92.54 ± 3.95 | 0.0053a,c |
| MIP-1α/CCL3 | 7.16 ± 0.43 | 6.50 ± 0.41 | 5.17 ± 0.67 | 0.0297b |
| MIP-2/CXCL2 | 35.49 ± 2.13 | 32.37 ± 3.09 | 25.24 ± 3.63 | 0.0483b |
| sRankl/TNFSF11 | 53.38 ± 2.81 | 51.76 ± 4.09 | 40.36 ± 5.15 | 0.0566 |
| RANTES/CCL5 | 50.64 ± 2.75 | 62.86 ± 4.02 | 47.50 ± 3.45 | 0.0110a,c |
| TNF-α | 22.33 ± 0.93 | 23.03 ± 1.10 | 18.86 ± 1.13 | 0.0261c |
| sVCAM-1/CD106 | 81.15 ± 2.70 | 83.19 ± 4.40 | 82.58 ± 11.00 | 0.9700 |
| VEGF-α | 25.42 ± 1.35 | 23.30 ± 1.36 | 19.74 ± 2.15 | 0.0559 |
The mean, standard error and p-values obtained using 1-way ANOVA are shown. GF aspiration, n = 13; GF aspiration + cromolyn treatment, n = 9; and control, n = 9. Values significant at p < 0.05 are indicated in bold. Post hoc Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test results are as follows:
a
p < 0.05, GF aspiration vs GF aspiration + cromolyn-treated.
b
p < 0.05, GF aspiration vs control.
c
p < 0.05, GF aspiration + cromolyn-treated vs control.