Table 2.
Cytokine and Chemokine Levels in Lung Tissue Extracts
| GF aspiration (pg/ml) | GF aspiration + cromolyn- treated (pg/ml) | Control (pg/ml) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1α | 213.5 ± 51.7 | 340.5 ± 56.4 | 63.32 ± 19.27 | 0.0046c |
| IL-1β | 3,157 ± 725 | 3428 ± 368 | 1,871 ± 931 | 0.3405 |
| IL-2 | 0.25 ± 0.12 | 0.41 ± 0.26 | 0.27 ± 0.22 | 0.8218 |
| IL-4 | 0.36 ± 0.02 | 0.32 ± 0.02 | 0.41 ± 0.05 | 0.1389 |
| IL-5 | 12.02 ± 0.51 | 9.78 ± 0.48 | 12.13 ± 0.37 | 0.0036a,c |
| IL-6 | 29.93 ± 2.45 | 84.94 ± 63.79 | 25.30 ± 2.96 | 0.3933 |
| IL-10 | 7.56 ± 1.47 | 5.33 ± 0.38 | 8.40 ± 1.60 | 0.3207 |
| IL-13 | 2.01 ± 0.31 | 2.20 ± 0.21 | 2.15 ± 0.57 | 0.9195 |
| IL-12(p40) | 832.4 ± 121.0 | 532.3 ± 41.2 | 394.3 ± 80.6 | 0.0124b |
| IL-12(p70) | 3.14 ± 0.75 | 3.02 ± 0.61 | 2.14 ± 0.71 | 0.6094 |
| IL-17A | 2.00 ± 0.48 | 0.90 ± 0.26 | 3.28 ± 1.00 | 0.0507c |
| β-NGF | 62.23 ± 17.10 | 147.3 ± 29.05 | 27.38 ± 1.43 | 0.0012a,c |
| Eotaxin/CCL11 | 300.1 ± 91.39 | 352.4 ± 104.6 | 433.5 ± 84.55 | 0.6253 |
| G-CSF/CSF-3 | 0.30 ± 0.02 | 0.16 ± 0.03 | 0.33 ± 0.04 | 0.0008a,c |
| GM-CSF | 4.20 ± 0.48 | 3.63 ± 0.48 | 5.43 ± 1.02 | 0.1962 |
| Gro-α/CXCL1 | 29.87 ± 1.28 | 30.65 ± 1.33 | 32.45 ± 2.58 | 0.5593 |
| ICAM | 2,259 ± 376 | 2,247 ± 415 | 1,470 ± 417 | 0.3474 |
| IFN-γ | 1.57 ± 0.40 | 0.87 ± 0.06 | 1.82 ± 1.04 | 0.5068 |
| IP-10/CXCL10 | 61.26 ± 11.76 | 29.39 ± 2.66 | 109.4 ± 41.15 | 0.0576 |
| Leptin | 77.59 ± 4.75 | 75.16 ± 6.01 | 116.4 ± 21.1 | 0.0266b |
| MCP-1/CCL2 | 375.4 ± 76.9 | 688.3 ± 90.7 | 461.4 ± 204.3 | 0.1733 |
| MCP-3/CCL7 | 109.9 ± 23.5 | 215.7 ± 29.4 | 146.7 ± 66.0 | 0.1444 |
| MIP-1α/CCL3 | 40.30 ± 6.37 | 47.87 ± 2.89 | 8.34 ± 3.09 | <0.0001b,c |
| MIP-2/CXCL2 | 78.32 ± 20.64 | 128.0 ± 24.5 | 27.08 ± 7.42 | 0.0124c |
| sRankl/TNFSF11 | 31.02 ± 5.46 | 35.23 ± 2.72 | 25.70 ± 7.44 | 0.5487 |
| RANTES/CCL5 | 365.4 ± 60.3 | 367.1 ± 50.0 | 475.9 ± 84.6 | 0.4487 |
| TNF-α | 10.23 ± 1.15 | 10.32 ± 1.14 | 7.72 ± 1.52 | 0.3193 |
| sVCAM-1/CD106 | 335.5 ± 34.6 | 315.3 ± 17.9 | 321.7 ± 28.7 | 0.8860 |
| VEGF-α | 194.7 ± 50.3 | 270.8 ± 84.0 | 468.5 ± 53.8 | 0.0152b |
Mean, standard error and p-values obtained using a 1-way ANOVA are shown. GF aspiration, n = 15; GF aspiration + cromolyn treatment, n = 10; and control, n = 9. Values significant at p < 0.05 are indicated in bold. Post hoc Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test results are as follows:
a
p < 0.05, GF aspiration vs GF aspiration + cromolyn-treated.
b
p < 0.05, GF aspiration vs control.
c
p < 0.05, GF aspiration + cromolyn-treated vs control.