Table 1. Preoperative patient characteristics.
| Overall | Frail | Not frail | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | (n = 574) | (n =148) | (n =426) | value |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (y) | 56.1 ± 14.4 | 63.4 ± 14.7 | 53.5 ± 13.4 | <.01* |
| Male gender | 404 (70.3) | 80 (54.1) | 324 (76.1) | <.01* |
| White race | 430 (74.9) | 86 (58.1) | 344 (80.7) | <.01* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.5 ± 6.2 | 27.8 ± 6.9 | 28.7 ± 5.9 | .13 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 448 (78.0) | 127 (85.8) | 321 (75.4) | <.01* |
| Hyperlipidemia | 288 (50.1) | 85 (57.4) | 203 (47.7) | <.01* |
| History of tobacco use | 265 (46.2) | 76 (51.4) | 189 (44.4) | .14 |
| Diabetes | 49 (8.5) | 17 (11.5) | 32 (7.5) | .14 |
| Coronary artery disease | 131 (22.8) | 55 (37.2) | 76 (17.8) | <.01* |
| History of stroke or TIA | 40 (7.0) | 25 (16.9) | 15 (3.5) | <.01* |
| COPD | 72 (12.5) | 36 (24.3) | 36 (8.5) | <.01* |
| Baseline creatinine > 1.5 mg/dL | 64 (11.2) | 32 (21.6) | 32 (7.5) | <.01* |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 30 (5.2) | 12 (8.1) | 18 (4.2) | .07 |
| Baseline laboratory values | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.2 ± 2.0 | 11.2 ± 1.8 | 13.9 ± 1.5 | <.01* |
| Albumin (g/dL)† | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.2 ± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | <.01* |
| Operative information | ||||
| Ejection fraction | 52.6 ± 6.2 | 52.3 ± 6.8 | 52.7 ±6.1 | .58 |
| ASA class 4 | 182 (31.7) | 72 (48.6) | 110 (25.8) | <.01* |
| Maximal aortic diameter | 5.6 ± 1.1 | 5.7 ± 1.5 | 5.6 ± 1.0 | .35 |
Data presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%). BMI, Body mass index; TIA, transient ischemic attack; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists.
*
Statistically significant.
†
Only patients with preoperative albumin level available were included.