Table 4.
Effects of ALA, ACNs and their metabolites on the fatty acid composition of HepG2 cell membranes after 24- or 48-h incubation.a
| Fatty acid | Ctrl-BSA |
Ctrl ALA |
C3G |
M3G |
D3G |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24 h | 48 h | 24 h | 48 h | 24 h | 48 h | 24 h | 48 h | 24 h | 48 h | |
| 16:0 | 28.2±0.2 | 26.4±0.2 | 27.2±0.1 | 27.5±0.4 | 29.5±2.5 | 26.7±1.2 | 27.4±0.7 | 30.1±2.9 | 27.5±0.1 | 31.2±4.1b |
| 16:1 | 4.9±0.7 | 4.4±0.8 | 3.0±0.0c | 2.6±0.2c | 2.1±0.4 | 2.6±0.2 | 3.0±0.1 | 2.3±0.4 | 2.7±0.0 | 1.5±0.8b |
| 18:0 | 22.3±1.7 | 22.0±1.3 | 23.2±1.3 | 24.2±1.3 | 29.7±8.5 | 23.0±1.0 | 22.9±1.7 | 29.8±7.4 | 22.5±2.0 | 32.7±10b |
| 18:1 | 36.7±1.5 | 39.8±1.1 | 28.2±0.2c | 29.9±0.2c | 23.1±6.0 | 31.2±2.0 | 29.9±1.1 | 23.7±6.9 | 27.8±0.2 | 20.5±10.3b |
| 18:2n6 | 3.1±0.5 | 3.0±0.4 | 3.3±0.9 | 3.2±0.7 | 2.5±0.0 | 3.5±1.2 | 3.2±0.7 | 2.6±0.4 | 3.4±0.7 | 2.0±0.4 |
| 18:3n3 | 0.2±0.2 | 0.1±0.0 | 7.9±1.8c | 5.2±0.6c | 7.1±3.5 | 5.9±1.5 | 6.6±2.6 | 4.9±1.3 | 9.1±2.4 | 4.7±2.8 |
| 20:0 | 0.3±0.0 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.4±0.1 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.3±0.1 |
| 20:1 | 0.8±0.1 | 0.9±0.2 | 0.7±0.1 | 0.7±0.1c | 0.5±0.0 | 0.6±0.1 | 0.6±0.1 | 0.5±0.1 | 0.6±0.1 | 0.4±0.1b |
| 20:4n6 | 1.6±0.1 | 1.6±0.1 | 2.8±0.1 | 2.8±0.1 | 2.5±0.7 | 3.1±0.4 | 2.8±0.0 | 2.2±0.6 | 3.3±0.2 | 2.4±1.2 |
| 20:5n3 | 0.3±0.0 | 0.2±0.0 | 1.9±0.6c | 2.3±1.0c | 1.1±0.5 | 1.6±0.7 | 1.9±0.5 | 2.0±1.3 | 1.1±0.3 | 0.9±0.6b |
| 24:1 | 0.2±0.0 | 0.3±0.0 | 0.3±0.0 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.3±0.0 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.2±0.1 | 0.3±0.0 |
| 22:6n3 | 1.0±0.0 | 0.8±0.0 | 0.9±0.1 | 0.8±0.1 | 0.9±0.2 | 0.8±0.1 | 0.8±0.0 | 0.9±0.1 | 1.0±0.1 | 3.0±2.2 |
| n-3 PUFA | 1.5±0.2 | 1.1±0.0 | 10.7±2.5c | 8.3±1.7c | 9.2±4.2 | 8.3±1.8 | 9.3±3.2 | 7.8±2.7 | 11.2±2.6 | 8.6±1.2 |
| n-6 PUFA | 4.7±0.6 | 4.6±0.6 | 6.1±0.9 | 5.9±0.9 | 5.0±0.7 | 6.6±1.1 | 6.0±0.7 | 4.8±0.8 | 6.8±0.5 | 4.3±1.5b |
| n-3/n-6 ratio | 0.3±0.1 | 0.2±0.0 | 1.8±0.7c | 1.5±0.5c | 1.8±0.6 | 1.3±0.4 | 1.6±0.7 | 1.6±0.4 | 1.7±0.5 | 2.2±0.5 |
| Fatty acid | GA |
PCA |
SYA |
P valued |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24 h | 48 h | 24 h | 48 h | 24 h | 48 h | Time | Treatment | T×T | |
| 16:0 | 27.0±0.2 | 29.7±2.4 | 27.3±0.2 | 26.3±0.5 | 27.4±0.1 | 26.9±0.7 | NS | NS | 0.004 |
| 16:1 | 3.0±0.0 | 2.0±0.6 | 3.0±0.1 | 2.8±0.1 | 3.2±0.1 | 2.9±0.1 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.030 |
| 18:0 | 21.5±1.8 | 30.9±7.5 | 21.2±1.5 | 22.4±0.8 | 20.8±0.9 | 22.9±0.7 | 0.03 | NS | 0.020 |
| 18:1 | 29.2±0.3 | 23.6±6.2 | 29.8±0.2 | 32.0±0.3 | 30.5±0.8 | 31.6±0.6 | NS | 0.000 | 0.009 |
| 18:2n6 | 3.5±0.8 | 2.5±0.1 | 3.5±0.9 | 3.3±0.8 | 3.5±0.8 | 3.2±0.7 | NS | NS | NS |
| 18:3n3 | 8.3±1.6 | 5.0±1.6 | 8.3±1.9 | 5.4±0.6 | 7.7±1.7 | 5.0±0.9 | 0.000 | 0.000 | NS |
| 20:0 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.3±0.1 | NS | NS | NS |
| 20:1 | 0.7±0.1 | 0.4±0.0 | 0.6±0.1 | 0.7±0.1 | 0.4±0.2b | 0.7±0.1 | NS | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| 20:4n6 | 3.3±0.2 | 2.5±0.3 | 3.0±0.0 | 3.0±0.2 | 2.9±0.0 | 2.7±0.2 | 0.04 | 0.000 | 0.020 |
| 20:5n3 | 1.6±0.5 | 1.8±1.1 | 1.6±0.5 | 2.2±0.9 | 1.9±0.7 | 2.3±1.0 | NS | 0.001 | NS |
| 24:1 | 0.2±0.0 | 0.2±0.0 | 0.3±0.0 | 0.3±0.0 | 0.2±0.0 | 0.3±0.0 | NS | NS | NS |
| 22:6n3 | 0.9±0.1 | 0.6±0.2 | 0.8±0.0 | 0.8±0.0 | 0.8±0.0 | 0.8±0.0 | 0.000 | NS | 0.040 |
| n-3 PUFA | 10.8±2.0 | 7.4±2.9 | 10.7±2.4 | 8.4±1.6 | 10.4±2.3 | 8.1±1.9 | 0.006 | 0.000 | NS |
| n-6 PUFA | 6.8±0.5 | 5.0±0.1 | 6.5±0.9 | 6.3±1.0 | 6.4±0.9 | 5.9±1.0 | 0.020 | 0.030 | 0.003 |
| n-3/n-6 ratio | 1.6±0.4 | 1.5±0.5 | 1.7±0.6 | 1.4±0.5 | 1.7±0.6 | 1.5±0.6 | NS | 0.000 | NS |
Ctrl-BSA, control using BSA; Ctrl ALA, control using ALA (50 μM); C3G, cyaniding-3-glucoside (5 μM); M3G, malvidin-3-glucoside (5 μM); D3G, dephinidin-3-glucoside (5 μM); GA (5 μM); PCA, p-coumaric acid (5 μM); SYA, syringic acid (5 μM).
Values are means±S.D. (n=3).
Mean values were significantly different compared with control-ALA (P<.05).
Mean values were significantly different compared with control-BSA (P<.05).
Two-way ANOVA: time, significant influence of incubation time (24 h or 48 h) on fatty acid composition; Treatment, significant influence of BSA, ALA, ACNs or their metabolites on fatty acid composition; T×T, interaction. NS, not significant (P>.05).