TABLE 3.

DASH and Western diet scores and risk of all-cause mortality in strata of BMI, smoking, vigorous exercise, age, and education in the Black Women’s Health Study, 1995–2011¹

	Quintile 1	Quintile 2	Quintile 3	Quintile 4	Quintile 5	P-trend2	P-interaction
DASH
BMI <30
Deaths, n	228	262	223	183	192
HR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	0.72 (0.60, 0.86)	0.69 (0.57, 0.84)	0.64 (0.52, 0.79)	0.65 (0.52, 0.80)	<0.001
BMI ≥30							0.04
Deaths, n	108	171	134	102	75
HR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	1.20 (0.94, 1.54)	1.14 (0.88, 1.49)	1.02 (0.76, 1.36)	0.99 (0.72, 1.37)	0.71
Western
BMI <30
Deaths, n	200	195	200	209	284
HR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	1.06 (0.87, 1.30)	1.11 (0.91, 1.35)	1.19 (0.98, 1.46)	1.54 (1.27, 1.87)	<0.001
BMI ≥30							0.05
Deaths, n	83	116	129	126	136
HR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	1.16 (0.87, 1.54)	1.24 (0.94, 1.64)	1.15 (0.87, 1.53)	1.10 (0.82, 1.46)	0.74
DASH
Never smokers
Deaths, n	111	163	158	130	127
HR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	0.93 (0.73, 1.19)	1.00 (0.78, 1.28)	0.93 (0.71, 1.21)	0.96 (0.72, 1.26)	0.78
Ever smokers							0.01
Deaths, n	225	269	199	153	140
HR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	0.78 (0.65, 0.93)	0.68 (0.56, 0.83)	0.58 (0.47, 0.72)	0.57 (0.45, 0.72)	<0.001
Western
Never smokers
Deaths, n	137	152	149	130	121
HR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	1.19 (0.95, 1.51)	1.20 (0.95, 1.52)	1.18 (0.93, 1.52)	1.20 (0.93, 1.55)	0.19
Ever smokers							0.07
Deaths, n	144	158	180	205	299
HR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	1.04 (0.83, 1.31)	1.17 (0.94, 1.46)	1.26 (1.01, 1.57)	1.59 (1.29, 1.96)	<0.001
DASH
Vigorous exercise <3 h/wk
Deaths, n	326	416	323	252	232
HR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	0.86 (0.74, 0.99)	0.77 (0.66, 0.91)	0.69 (0.58, 0.82)	0.70 (0.58, 0.84)	<0.001
Vigorous exercise ≥3 h/wk							0.33
Deaths, n	9	15	30	27	33
HR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	0.84 (0.36, 1.94)	1.32 (0.61, 2.86)	1.19 (0.54, 2.62)	0.95 (0.43, 2.10)	0.99
Western
Vigorous exercise <3 h/wk
Deaths, n	252	275	306	315	401
HR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	1.06 (0.89, 1.26)	1.17 (0.98, 1.38)	1.20 (1.01, 1.42)	1.41 (1.20, 1.67)	<0.001
Vigorous exercise ≥3 h/wk							0.43
Deaths, n	27	31	23	19	14
HR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	1.56 (0.92, 2.66)	1.43 (0.80, 2.57)	1.42 (0.76, 2.64)	1.20 (0.60, 2.39)	0.53
DASH
Age <55 y
Deaths, n	213	212	154	100	65
HR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	0.84 (0.69, 1.02)	0.87 (0.71, 1.08)	0.80 (0.63, 1.03)	0.69 (0.52, 0.93)	0.01
Age ≥55 y							0.44
Deaths, n	123	221	203	185	202
HR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	0.88 (0.70, 1.10)	0.79 (0.63, 1.00)	0.72 (0.57, 0.91)	0.75 (0.59, 0.96)	0.01
Western
Age <55 y
Deaths, n	89	121	151	171	212
HR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	1.20 (0.91, 1.58)	1.36 (1.04, 1.77)	1.40 (1.08, 1.82)	1.55 (1.20, 2.01)	<0.001
Age ≥55 y							0.22
Deaths, n	194	190	178	164	208
HR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	1.07 (0.87, 1.30)	1.07 (0.87, 1.32)	1.07 (0.87, 1.33)	1.28 (1.04, 1.57)	0.03
DASH
Education <16 y
Deaths, n	236	255	216	157	117
HR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	0.79 (0.66, 0.95)	0.85 (0.70, 1.04)	0.75 (0.61, 0.93)	0.67 (0.53, 0.86)	0.002
Education ≥16 y							0.19
Deaths, n	98	177	141	125	150
HR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	1.01 (0.79, 1.30)	0.82 (0.63, 1.07)	0.75 (0.57, 1.00)	0.86 (0.65, 1.13)	0.06
Western
Education <16 y
Deaths, n	148	156	195	203	279
HR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	1.02 (0.82, 1.28)	1.13 (0.91, 1.41)	1.14 (0.92, 1.42)	1.33 (1.08, 1.64)	0.003
Education ≥16 y							0.93
Deaths, n	135	153	133	131	139
HR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	1.18 (0.94, 1.49)	1.18 (0.93, 1.51)	1.27 (0.99, 1.63)	1.43 (1.11, 1.84)	0.006

¹DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; ref, reference.

²Derived from test for linear trend, modeling the median value for each quintile as a continuous variable.