TABLE 3.
Baseline demographic, lifestyle, and dietary characteristics according to soft drink intake, Singapore Chinese Health Study1
| Soft drink intake |
|||||
| Characteristics | None | Monthly2 | 1/wk | 2–6/wk | ≥1/d |
| n | 39,064 | 5320 | 2783 | 3685 | 1732 |
| Age, y | 56.5 ± 7.9 | 54.4 ± 7.5 | 53.4 ± 7.1 | 53.2 ± 6.9 | 52.7 ± 6.7 |
| Female | 58.0 | 57.0 | 52.0 | 46.0 | 36.0 |
| Hokkien dialect | 54.0 | 51.0 | 50.0 | 52.0 | 55.0 |
| Education3 | 27.0 | 32.0 | 39.0 | 37.0 | 34.0 |
| Hypertension4 | 20.2 | 19.0 | 19.5 | 20.3 | 18.2 |
| Ever smoked | 29.0 | 26.0 | 29.0 | 33.0 | 43.0 |
| Moderate activity5 | 17.0 | 14.0 | 13.0 | 12.0 | 9.0 |
| Vigorous activity6 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 12.0 | 15.0 | 18.0 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.9 ± 3.5 | 23.1 ± 3.5 | 23.2 ± 3.4 | 23.3 ± 3.3 | 23.3 ± 3.2 |
| Sleep, h | 7.0 ± 1.1 | 7.1 ± 1.1 | 7.0 ± 1.1 | 7.0 ± 1.1 | 7.0 ± 1.2 |
| Dietary pattern score7 | 21.0 | 18.0 | 19.0 | 18.0 | 13.0 |
| Total energy, kcal/d | 1509 ± 500 | 1572 ± 502 | 1675 ± 529 | 1799 ± 566 | 1946 ± 596 |
| Coffee, cups/mo | 35.9 ± 35.7 | 34.7 ± 35.3 | 36.4 ± 36.4 | 38.4 ± 36.8 | 41.6 ± 39.6 |
| Black tea, cups/mo | 6.4 ± 16.2 | 7.0 ± 16.2 | 8.1 ± 16.3 | 9.7 ± 19.4 | 11.0 ± 21.1 |
| Juice, drinks/mo | 0.8 ± 3.6 | 1.1 ± 3.8 | 1.3 ± 4.2 | 1.3 ± 4.1 | 1.5 ± 5.2 |
| Green tea, cups/mo | 9.2 ± 24.2 | 9.2 ± 24.3 | 8.8 ± 22.9 | 9.2 ± 23.2 | 7.7 ± 21.2 |
| Alcohol, drinks/wk | 1.0 ± 4.0 | 0.9 ± 3.8 | 1.0 ± 3.9 | 1.3 ± 4.3 | 1.9 ± 5.9 |
Values are means ± SDs or percentages. One serving was assigned a value of 237 mL, or ∼1 cup. However, serving size was not directly assessed.
Any to <1/wk.
Percentage of population with a secondary education or greater.
Percentage of population who self-reported physician-diagnosed hypertension.
Percentage of population who reported ≥2 h/wk.
Percentage of population who reported ≥1.5 h/wk of vigorous work or strenuous physical activity.
Proportion of category in the top 20% of the vegetable-fruit-soy–rich dietary pattern score, which is strongly inversely associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality during the follow-up period.